{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:45:20Z","timestamp":1791423920111,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,27]],"date-time":"2003-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>T\u2004cell activation, differentiation and effector functions depend on signals delivered through the antigen\u2010specific TCR and non\u2010clonal costimulatory receptors on the T\u2004cell. Activated T\u2004cells express the inducible costimulator (ICOS). We examined the co\u2010expression of ICOS with Th cytokines in mucosal immune responses. ICOS<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Th\u2004cells expressed strikingly different cytokines depending on the type of infection encountered and the cells' anatomical localization. In the Th2\u2010dominated response to <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>, ICOS expression of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells isolated from the liver was strongly associated with the expression of IL\u20105, IL\u201010, IL\u201013, and T1\/ST2, but not with the chemokine receptor CXCR5, a pattern consistent with Th2 effector cells. In the secondary lymphatic organs of schistosome\u2010infected mice, ICOS expression was randomly correlated with Th2 effector\u2010cytokines, but positively correlated with CXCR5 expression; a pattern consistent with follicular Th cells. In Th\u2004cells isolated from gut or liver of mice infected with <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, ICOS expression was positively correlated with IFN\u2010\u03b3 production. Finally, in the severe combined immunodeficiency transfer colitis model, ICOS expression was strongly positively associated with IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20102. Thus, ICOS appears to costimulate distinct effector functions in different immune responses, depending on factors such as the nature of the antigen encountered and localization and chronicity of the immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/immu.200310013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,6]],"date-time":"2003-02-06T01:43:37Z","timestamp":1044495817000},"page":"392-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["ICOS<sup>+<\/sup> Th\u2004cells produce distinct cytokines in different mucosal immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Bonhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Liesenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel J.","family":"Stadecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hutloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Erb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony\u2004J.","family":"Coyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard\u2004A.","family":"Kroczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kamradt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.091101.091806"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0702-611"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/16717"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/45582"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80117-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200209)32:9<2680::AID-IMMU2680>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00011-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.9.5035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89739"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.4.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35051100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35051107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35051113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.3.991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Antigen\u2010specific regulatory T cells develop via the ICOS ICOS\u2010ligand pathway and inhibit allergen\u2010induced airway hyperreactivity.","volume":"29","author":"Akbari O.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. 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