{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:37:55Z","timestamp":1792251475911,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,13]],"date-time":"2002-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1039737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clonally expanded, autoreactive CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD28<jats:sup>null<\/jats:sup> cells can be found in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and have been shown to be associated with severeextra\u2010articular disease manifestations. We investigated the size of the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD28<jats:sup>null<\/jats:sup> compartment and the TCR \u03b2 chain repertoire of expanded CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> clonotypes in 94 rheumatoid arthritis patients by complementarity\u2010determining region 3 (CDR3) length analysis (spectratyping) in the BV6 and BV14 TCR families, with primers specific for three arbitrarily chosen \u03b2 chain joining elements (BJ1S2, BJ2S3 and BJ2S7). The spectratyping results showed a strong correlation of the size of the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD28<jats:sup>null<\/jats:sup> compartment with the detected number of BV14 clonotypes, whereas no association with BV6 oligoclonality was found. Only clones using the BV14\u2013BJ1S2 and BV14\u2013BJ2S3 combinations contributed to this correlation, however, whereas BV14\u2013BJ2S7 clones did not. This preferential correlation implies a role for the TCR \u03b2 chain in stimulating clonal outgrowth and argues against the previously suggested superantigenic stimulation of <jats:italic>in\u2010vivo<\/jats:italic>\u2010expanded clones. Instead, since no evidence for shared antigen specificity could be detected, clonal expansion of T cells in rheumatoid arthritis might be influenced by the BJ elements because of changes in the flexibility of the protein backbone of the \u03b2\u2010chain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/immu.200390010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,19]],"date-time":"2003-02-19T19:15:48Z","timestamp":1045682148000},"page":"79-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Clonally expanded CD4<sup>+<\/sup>CD28<sup>null<\/sup> T\u2004cells in rheumatoid arthritis use distinct combinations of T cell receptor BV and BJ elements"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ulf","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Pierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylke","family":"Kaltenh\u00e4user","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Wilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sybille","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holm","family":"H\u00e4ntzschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90422-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90004-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199907)42:7<1497::AID-ANR25>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401644"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","first-page":"4.1","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical features and systemic involvement.","volume":"1","author":"Matteson E. 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