{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T16:54:48Z","timestamp":1782147288943,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,20]],"date-time":"2002-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1040342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we demonstrate that Kupffer cells in the livers of highly susceptible BALB\/c mice infected with <jats:italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/jats:italic> were loaded with trypanosomal antigen and appeared highly activated. This was associated with an enlarged capillary bed in the livers and decreased blood pressure of these mice towards the terminal stage. Blocking of murine IL\u201010 receptor (IL\u201010R)<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> shortened the survival time of highly susceptible <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected BALB\/c mice. Anti\u2010IL\u201010R treatment decreased the survival of relatively resistant <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected C57BL\/6 mice dramatically. Blocking of the IL\u201010R also significantly shortened the survival time of mice infected with<jats:italic> T. brucei<\/jats:italic>. The acute death of trypanosome\u2010infected mice treated with anti\u2010IL\u201010R antibodies in vivo was associated with focal liver necrosis, with significantly increased plasma levels of IL\u20106, IL\u201010, IL\u201012p40 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 and enhanced synthesis of IL\u20106, IL\u201012p40 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 by spleen cell cultures. Anti\u2010IL\u201010R\u2010induced death of <jats:italic>T. congolense\u2010<\/jats:italic>infected C57BL\/6 mice could be prevented by administration of a neutralizing antibody specific forIFN\u2010\u03b3. We conclude that phagocytosis of a critical number of trypanosomes by Kupffer cells leads to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and, depending on the degree of Kupffer cell activation, is followed by death that is mediated by IFN\u2010\u03b3. The role of trypanosome\u2010pulsed macrophages, T cells and genetic influences is discussed in a synopsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/immu.200390013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,19]],"date-time":"2003-02-19T19:15:48Z","timestamp":1045682148000},"page":"108-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Experimental African trypanosomiasis: IFN\u2010\u03b3 mediates early mortality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Meiqing","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanling","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Tabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(79)90121-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)01318-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.44.1.107-111.1984","article-title":"Trypanosoma rhodesiense: analysis of the genetic control of resistance among mice.","volume":"44","author":"Greenblatt H. 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