{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:44:32Z","timestamp":1792683872156,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iMetaOmics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The transmission history and adaptive evolution of\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex (MTBC) in China remain underexplored despite its remarkably low diversity and enduring public health burden. Here, we analyzed 23,873 whole genome sequences of MTBC to reconstruct its spread timeline and routes, population dynamics, and host adaptation patterns in China. The Bayesian coalescent models revealed the recurrent introductions of four MTBC sub\u2010lineages (L2.2, L4.2, L4.4, and L4.5) during 1000\u2013400 years ago, by European\u2010Chinese transmission networks, which might have triggered the formation of their local genetic clades in China. These local clades underwent three rapid population expansions that temporally aligned with historical climate cooling events and warfare, and displayed convergent adaptation, including shared mutations and structural variations in macrophage\u2010resistance genes and enhanced genetic diversity in T cell epitopes. The historical mutation rate estimations and neutral mutation simulations indicated that these local clades experienced pronounced macrophage\u2010induced pressures, likely operative over the past two centuries. The DNA information entropy analysis further revealed their adaptive evolution signatures clustered within macrophage\u2010resistance pathways. The gene\n                    <jats:italic>Rv0801<\/jats:italic>\n                    , computationally predicted to exhibit the most prominent adaptive signatures despite its uncharacterized function, was confirmed through recombinant strain infection to enhance intracellular survival in human macrophages. This integrative approach reveals MTBC's evolutionary trajectory in China, provides novel methods for quantifying selection pressures and detecting adaptive evolution signals in prokaryotes, and constructs a comprehensive framework for investigating pathogen transmission dynamics and host adaptation mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imo2.70052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T13:35:34Z","timestamp":1758375334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cross\u2010continental transmission and host adaptation of\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    in China unveiled by population history reconstruction and adaptive evolution signal detection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5469-2685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bio\u2010resources and Eco\u2010environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuochong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bio\u2010resources and Eco\u2010environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 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