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Here, we integrated 20 years of epidemiological surveillance with whole\u2010genome sequence analysis of 624 IBV strains, including 136 newly isolated field samples, to investigate the evolutionary and structural dynamics of N\u2010linked glycosylation at the spike protein. We identified three dominant glycosylation haplotypes defined by residues 51 and 77 of spike protein, which correlate with receptor\u2010binding interfaces, clinical phenotypes, and spatiotemporal transmission patterns. Molecular modeling and docking analyses provided insights into potential mechanistic links between glycan positioning and Neu5Ac\u03b12\u20103Gal\u03b21\u20103GlcNAc receptor engagement. Complementing these findings, we developed a proof\u2010of\u2010concept machine learning model that shows potential for predicting clinical serotypes directly from the spike protein sequence, achieving high accuracy on a preliminary independent validation set. These findings support the use of glycosylation motifs as structural\u2010genomic markers and highlight the potential of sequence\u2010based serotype prediction. Our work establishes a scalable genomic\u2010structural framework that leverages glycosylation motifs and sequence features as evolutionary markers, providing a powerful approach for forecasting coronavirus adaptation and informing vaccine design and outbreak preparedness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imo2.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T04:00:44Z","timestamp":1768881644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The evolutionary landscape and serotypic dynamics of avian infectious bronchitis virus from spike protein"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2376-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou 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