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This study evaluated the effects of diets containing intact pulse cotyledon cells (MAL\u2010IC diet) or pulse flour (MAL\u2010PF diet) within a malnourished mouse model. The MAL\u2010IC diet significantly improved systemic growth compared with the malnutrition (MAL: low\u2010fat [2%], low\u2010protein [6.4%]) diet group, outperforming the MAL\u2010PF diet. Additionally, the MAL\u2010IC diet restructured the gut microbiota and metabolome, increasing the relative abundance of carbohydrate\u2010utilizing bacteria and short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Notably, the MAL\u2010IC diet stimulated the somatotropic axis, thereby promoting higher insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101) production across multiple tissues. Integration of gene expression data revealed that SCFAs activated hepatic free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) via the gut\u2013liver axis, further stimulating the somatotropic axis to promote growth. These results demonstrate that an intact cell\u2010based diet restores growth through microbiota\u2013SCFA\u2013endocrine interactions and propose a pulse\u2010enriched food strategy to address malnutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imo2.70085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:55:15Z","timestamp":1773010515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intact pulse cotyledon cell diet improves systemic growth via the somatotropic axis in malnourished mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety South China University of Technology Guangzhou 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