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Here, using weekly, field\u2010based multi\u2010omics, we find metatranscriptomes and metagenomes increase estimates of AM fungal relative abundance 6\u221215\u2010fold over rDNA metabarcoding and that root AM fungal relative abundance correlates strongly with sorghum forage yield (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.9) and moderately with grain yield\/quality. AM fungal relative abundance is impacted directly by sorghum development and indirectly by drought via suppressed sorghum fatty acid gene expression. Gene co\u2010expression network revealed coordinated plant and AM fungal functions in structural reorganization, resource exchange, and signal communication between the symbiotic partners. We found that early\u2010season co\u2010transcriptions of AM fungal and host genes feature cytoskeletal genes essential for arbuscule formation, the fungal\u2010plant organs of nutrient and mineral exchange. Late\u2010season plants downregulate cytoskeletal genes, but AM fungi continue their upregulation, which is associated with fungal sporulation and putative mating. Our study identifies previously ignored massive underestimation of AM fungal relative abundance, highlights the predictive role of AM fungal relative abundance for crop productivity, and uncovers symbiotic life history dynamics underpinned by coupled and decoupled co\u2010expression of plant and AM fungal genes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imo2.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T02:35:22Z","timestamp":1771727722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community abundance, functions, and symbiotic interactions revealed by root metatranscriptomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Peilin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 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