{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:41:11Z","timestamp":1787845271659,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82501020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82501020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iMetaOmics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, represents a global health challenge. While probiotics can modulate host metabolism, postbiotics (inanimate microbial preparations) have emerged as potentially safer and more stable therapeutic alternatives. The current study investigates the effects of postbiotics derived from five human\u2010origin bacterial strains in mice model with high\u2010fat diet\u2010induced metabolic syndrome. Using multi\u2010omics profiling, we demonstrate that supplementation of postbiotics significantly ameliorates weight gain, improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and alleviates hepatic steatosis. Transcriptomic analysis indicates that the treatment upregulated adipocyte genes related to thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation while downregulating hepatic lipid synthesis. Most importantly, the intervention reshapes the gut microbiota structure. Target metabolomics reveals that this microbial remodeling is accompanied by a significant elevation of indole\u20103\u2010acetic acid (IAA), a tryptophan\u2010derived microbial metabolite, in the host serum. Functional studies in primary adipocytes confirm that IAA is sufficient to trigger thermogenic gene expression and activate AMP\u2010activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. These findings suggest a mechanism where postbiotics improve metabolic health by modulating the gut ecosystem to enrich beneficial metabolites like IAA, which in turn ameliorates the metabolic syndrome and promotes adipocyte thermogenesis and lipolysis. The present research supports postbiotics as a promising therapeutic strategy for metabolic syndrome and highlights the importance of the gut microbiota\u2010metabolite axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imo2.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:37:35Z","timestamp":1772969855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Probiotics\u2010derived postbiotics improve host metabolic syndrome by activating the adipocyte thermogenic signaling pathway in high\u2010fat diet\u2010fed mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Shenzhen China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Shenzhen Children's Hospital Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liujing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9586-5212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanbo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingdong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4747-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Shenzhen China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Fuyang Institute of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00058.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00390-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00411-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103666"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0439-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1282699"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106614"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.116869"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00657-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2056727"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112839"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202413010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309255"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415879"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017995"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021113-170252"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1213"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3311"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05470-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112957"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12892"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao5774"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.115.064246"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.637"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0019-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0304-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1491"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24661"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18846"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920011796504536"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1624539"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.107690"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2586-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12700"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201903366"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.803627"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-025-3035-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2400-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-024-2943-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110902"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01770"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2584"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp4120"}],"container-title":["iMetaOmics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/imo2.70089","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/imo2.70089","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/imo2.70089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:17:25Z","timestamp":1782213445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/imo2.70089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/imo2.70089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/imo2.70089","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2996-9506","2996-9514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2996-9506","type":"print"},{"value":"2996-9514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70089"}}