{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:01:35Z","timestamp":1790622095479,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iMeta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asthenozoospermia (AZS) is a prevalent contributor to male infertility, characterized by a substantial decline in sperm motility. In recent years, large\u2010scale studies have explored the interplay between the male reproductive system's microecology and its implications for reproductive health. Nevertheless, the direct association between seminal microecology and male infertility pathogenesis remains inconclusive. This study used 16S rDNA sequencing and multi\u2010omics analysis to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the seminal microbial community and metabolites in AZS patients. Patients were categorized into four distinct groups: Normal, mild AZS (AZS\u2010I), moderate AZS (AZS\u2010II), and severe AZS (AZS\u2010III). Microbiome differential abundance analysis revealed significant differences in microbial composition and metabolite profiles within the seminal plasma of these groups. Subsequently, patients were classified into a control group (Normal and AZS\u2010I) and an AZS group (AZS\u2010II and AZS\u2010III). Correlation and cross\u2010reference analyses identified distinct microbial genera and metabolites. Notably, the AZS group exhibited a reduced abundance of bacterial genera such as <jats:italic>Pseudomonas, Serratia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Methylobacterium\u2010Methylorubrum<\/jats:italic> in seminal plasma, positively correlating with core differential metabolite (hexadecanamide). Conversely, the AZS group displayed an increased abundance of bacterial genera such as <jats:italic>Uruburuella, Vibrio<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Pseudoalteromonas<\/jats:italic>, with a negative correlation with core differential metabolite (hexadecanamide). In vitro and in vivo experiments validated that hexadecanamide significantly enhanced sperm motility. Using predictive metabolite\u2010targeting gene analysis and single\u2010cell transcriptome sequencing, we profiled the gene expression of candidate target genes <jats:italic>PAOX<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CA2<\/jats:italic>. Protein immunoblotting techniques validated the upregulation protein levels of PAOX and CA2 in sperm samples after hexadecanamide treatment, enhancing sperm motility. In conclusion, this study uncovered a significant correlation between six microbial genera in seminal plasma and the content of the metabolite hexadecanamide, which is related to AZS. Hexadecanamide notably enhances sperm motility, suggesting its potential integration into clinical strategies for managing AZS, providing a foundational framework for diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T07:00:05Z","timestamp":1706252405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Changes in seminal plasma microecological dynamics and the mechanistic impact of core metabolite hexadecanamide in asthenozoospermia patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9490-1771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoquan","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of 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