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Here, we present a 3D digital twin framework to quantitatively reveal that phase\u2010level heterogeneity is a decisive driver of reaction asymmetry, side\u2010reaction imbalance, and stress localization. Using an experimentally informed electrode validated against measured charge profiles, we varied binder distribution, porosity, and electrode thickness to resolve their global and localized effects. Binder heterogeneity exerts only marginal impact on overall capacity in 50\u2009\u03bcm electrodes; however, under steep gradients, its effect becomes markedly amplified\u2014intensifying electrolyte concentration variations, disturbing Li\u2010ion flux, promoting uneven Li plating and SEI formation, and inducing stress hotspots. Higher porosity moderates these imbalances by improving ionic transport. In contrast, mild gradients preserve more homogeneous reaction kinetics across the electrode depth. These effects become more pronounced in thicker electrodes (83\u2009\u03bcm), where mild gradients clearly surpass the steep one. This work identifies microstructural heterogeneity as a predictive descriptor of anode degradation under fast charging, demonstrating that regulation of heterogeneity over averaged structural metrics mitigates Li plating, SEI growth, and stress localization effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/inf270141-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.70141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T07:42:56Z","timestamp":1775634176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digital twin quantifies spatial\u2010heterogeneity\u2010driven failure in fast\u2010charging lithium\u2010ion battery anodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yejin","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KAIST  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungsoo","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KAIST  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung 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