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Recent literature suggests that host immune system could be modulated to ameliorate the pathogenesis of infectious disease. Heme oxygenase (HMOX1) is a key regulator of cellular signaling and it could be modulated using pharmacological reagents. HMOX1 is a cytoprotective enzyme that degrades heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and molecular iron. CO and biliverdin (or bilirubin derived from it) can restrict the growth of a few pathogens. Both of these also induce antioxidant pathways and anti\u2010inflammatory pathways. On the other hand, molecular iron can induce proinflammatory pathway besides making the cellular environment oxidative in nature. Since microbial infections often induce oxidative stress in host cells\/tissues, role of HMOX1 has been analyzed in the pathogenesis of number of infections. In this review, we have described the role of HMOX1 in pathogenesis of bacterial infections caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    and in microbial sepsis. We have also provided a succinct overview of the role of HMOX1 in parasitic infections such as malaria and leishmaniasis. In the end, we have also elaborated the role of HMOX1 in viral infections such as AIDS, hepatitis, dengue, and influenza. \u00a9 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(9):869\u2013880, 2018\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T01:45:54Z","timestamp":1526348754000},"page":"869-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Host heme oxygenase\u20101: Friend or foe in tackling pathogens?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Nisha","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Immunology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeeshan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Immunology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navin","family":"Baid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Immunology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6240-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwani","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Immunology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 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