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Treatment with normal fibrocytes or their exosomes restores the ability of genetically diabetic mice to heal skin wounds, suggesting the existence of dysfunctional alterations in diabetic fibrocytes. This study compared the migratory, metabolic and functional characteristics of fibrocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DPs) and healthy controls (HCs). It was found that the frequency of these cells was abnormally low in the peripheral blood of T2DPs. Diabetic fibrocytes showed reduced expression of the C\u2010X\u2010C motif and C\u2010C motif chemokine receptors (CXCR)4, (CCR)5, and CCR7, and demonstrated reduced migration in response to their ligands (CXCL)12, (CCL)5, and CCL21. They exhibited increased expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end product, suppression of the alternative AGE receptor 1, increased intracellular concentrations of AGEs, decreased expression of sirtuin\u20101 and elevated oxidative stress. In short\u2010term cultures, fibrocytes from T2DPs released larger amounts of proinflammatory cytokines than those from HCs. Unlike normal fibrocytes, diabetic fibrocytes did not exhibit increased expression of type I collagen and \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin on stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010\u03b21 and this abnormal response was associated with downregulation of TGF\u2010\u03b21 type II receptor on the cell surface. Study findings uncover multiple migratory and functional alterations of diabetic fibrocytes that may contribute to explain why T2DPs experience impaired wound healing and chronic ulcers. \u00a9 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(11):1122\u20131132, 2018<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T16:58:03Z","timestamp":1536166683000},"page":"1122-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Migratory, metabolic and functional alterations of fibrocytes in type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0556-2649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics &amp; Metabolomics Laboratory DreiRosen Pharma GmbH  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Nissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics &amp; Metabolomics Laboratory DreiRosen Pharma GmbH  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolf","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Development DreiRosen Pharma GmbH  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7556"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.1.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-009-0320-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0049com"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182251559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.09.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9982","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.17.9982","article-title":"The advanced glycation endproduct N\u2010[carboxymethyl]\u2010lysine, is a product of both lipid peroxidation and glycoxidation reactions","volume":"271","author":"Fu M. 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