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Both innate and adaptive immune responses, which mainly include monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, have been shown to play a key role for the initiation and progression of atherogenesis in the general population. In FH patients, these immune cells have been suggested to play specific pro\u2010atherosclerotic activities, from the initial leukocyte recruitment to plaque rupture. In fact, the accumulation of cholesterol crystals and oxLDL in the vessels in FH patients is particularly high, with consequent abnormal mobilization of immune cells and secretion of various pro\u2010inflammatory and chemokines. In addition, cholesterol accumulation in immune cells is exaggerated with chronic exposure to relevant pro\u2010atherosclerotic triggers. The topics considered in this review may provide a more specific focus on the immune system alterations in FH and open new insights toward immune cells as potential therapeutic targets in FH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T14:44:29Z","timestamp":1571669069000},"page":"782-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The atherogenic role of immune cells in familial hypercholesterolemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Eskandar","family":"Taghizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences  Yasuj Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad 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