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The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used for myriad functions ranging from nucleosome repositioning and nucleosome eviction to histone variant exchange. In addition, the distant member of the family, SMARCAL1, uses the energy to reanneal stalled replication forks in response to DNA damage. Biophysical studies have shown that this protein has the unique ability to recognize and bind specifically to DNA structures possessing double\u2010strand to single\u2010strand transition regions. Mutations in SMARCAL1 have been linked to Schimke immuno\u2010osseous dysplasia, an autosomal recessive disorder that exhibits variable penetrance and expressivity. It has long been hypothesized that the variable expressivity and pleiotropic phenotypes observed in the patients might be due to the ability of SMARCAL1 to co\u2010regulate the expression of a subset of genes within the genome. Recently, the role of SMARCAL1 in regulating transcription has been delineated. In this review, we discuss the biophysical and functional properties of the protein that help it to transcriptionally co\u2010regulate DNA damage response as well as to bind to the stalled replication fork and stabilize it, thus ensuring genomic stability. We also discuss the role of SMARCAL1 in cancer and the possibility of using this protein as a chemotherapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T09:09:24Z","timestamp":1596618564000},"page":"2080-2096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["<scp>SMARCAL1<\/scp>, the annealing helicase and the transcriptional co\u2010regulator"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Ritu","family":"Bansal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saddam","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University  New Delhi 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