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These pathogens cost more than 200,000 lives annually by causing cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. The evolution of the pathogenic species from closely related non\u2010pathogenic species of the <jats:italic>Cryptococcus amylolentus<\/jats:italic> complex is of particular importance and several advances have been made to understand their phylogenetic and genomic relationships. The current review briefly describes the sexual reproduction process followed by an individual description of the members focusing on their key attributes and virulence mechanisms of the pathogenic species. A special section on phylogenetic studies is aimed at understanding the evolutionary divergence of pathogens from non\u2010pathogens. Recent findings from our group pertaining to parameters affecting codon usage bias in six pathogenic and three non\u2010pathogenic ancestral species and their corroboration with existing phylogenetic reports are also included in the current review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T16:19:09Z","timestamp":1601050749000},"page":"2303-2312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Diverse species in the genus <i>Cryptococcus<\/i>: Pathogens and their non\u2010pathogenic ancestors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0814-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelly","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Lovely Professional University  Kapurthala 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