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The present study demonstrated that irradiation with 2\u00a0Gy at postnatal day (PD) 3 in mice induced anxiety and impairment of spatial learning and memory in adult mice. Neuroinflammatory cells were observed in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 areas of the hippocampus at PD3\u2009+\u20091. X\u2010ray irradiation impaired neuronal complexity and neurogenesis. However, the number of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus was increased the first day after irradiation, and then decreased 21\u2009days later. The protein expression levels of NF\u2010\u03baB, C\/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and \u03b3H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>A histone family member X (\u03b3H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>AX) increased from 7 to 21\u2009days after irradiation, or till 90\u2009days after irradiation for IL\u20101\u03b2, whereas those of hippocampal sirtuin1 (SIRT1) decreased after 21\u2009days of irradiation at PD3. These results suggest that neonatal X\u2010ray irradiation\u2010induced neuroinflammation impaired neuroplasticity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, leading to the anxiety and spatial memory disorder during adulthood. The mechanisms involved in the induction of developmental neurotoxicity following low\u2010dose irradiation may involve the inflammation\u2010mediated signaling pathway IL\u20101\u03b2\/ SIRT1\/CHOP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T12:34:23Z","timestamp":1673440463000},"page":"530-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Neonatal exposure to low\u2010dose X\u2010ray causes behavioral defects and abnormal hippocampal development in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Yuanduo","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center Yangtze University  Jingzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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