{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:06:51Z","timestamp":1789096011822,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IUBMB Life"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>RING finger protein 4 (RNF4) acts as a SUMO\u2010targeted ubiquitin ligase, principally regulating protein stability and playing a crucial role in liver injury, inflammatory, and cholestatic diseases. In spite of this, it is unclear how it contributes to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The rat model of NAFLD was constructed by feeding a high\u2010fat diet (HFD), and HepG2 cells were treated with 1\u2009mmol\/L oleic acid (OA) for 24\u2009h. Real\u2010time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010qPCR) and western blotting were used to measure the expression of associated genes and proteins. Oil red O staining, enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and hematoxylin\u2013eosin (HE) staining were used to assess damage to HepG2 cells and rat liver tissues. RNF4 expression is reduced in NAFLD. Overexpression of RNF4 in HepG2 cells reduced triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C) levels. In addition, overexpression of RNF4 suppressed lipogenic genes liver X receptor alpha (LXR\u03b1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl\u2010CoA desaturase\u20101 (SCD1), and cytochrome P4A11 (Cyp4a11), inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin\u20101beta (IL\u20101\u03b2), and interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), and cell apoptosis; it also inhibited lipid accumulation in\u00a0vivo and improved liver tissue pathology, thereby mitigating NAFLD progression. Mechanistically, RNF4 promotes SUMOylation and ubiquitin\u2010mediated degradation of hypoxia inducible factor\u20102 alpha (HIF\u20102\u03b1), thereby enhancing peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor alpha (PPAR\u03b1) expression, reducing lipid accumulation, inflammation, and cell apoptosis, ultimately alleviating NAFLD development. Our research indicates that RNF4 may be a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.70047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T05:34:19Z","timestamp":1753940059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<scp>RING<\/scp> Finger Protein 4 (<scp>RNF4<\/scp>) Reduces Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Accumulation by Promoting the <scp>SUMOylation<\/scp> of <scp>HIF<\/scp>\u20102\u03b1 and Regulating the <scp>PPAR\u03b1<\/scp> Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6901-6703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension  Kunming China"},{"name":"Hypertension Center 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