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The need for a universal influenza vaccine, designed to develop lasting broadly protective immunity against volatile influenza virus strains has led to advances in immunogen design. Nanotechnology, specifically self\u2010assembled nanovaccines, offers a truly revolutionary \u201cbottom\u2010up\u201d strategy to address this issue. Nanovaccines that spontaneously self\u2010assemble into easily discernable pathogen\u2010like nanoparticles, including protein cages (e.g., ferritin) and virus\u2010like particles, provide densely displayed conserved influenza epitopes\u2014such as hemagglutinin (HA) stalk, neuraminidase (NA), and M2 ectodomain (M2e)\u2014in a multivalent array, greatly enhancing B\u2010cell activation, initiated by extensive receptor crosslinking, and generating immune responses to a magnitude and breadth that is unattainable with soluble antigens. Moreover, self\u2010assembled nanovaccines, often in adjuvant\u2010free or self\u2010adjuvanting formulations, not only induce durable and broad cross\u2010protective humoral and cellular immunity but also offer protection from numerous heterosubtypic viral challenges. While significant hurdles remain in scaling the process to a manufacturing level and subsequently translating it into the clinic, self\u2010assembling nanovaccines represent a paradigm shift in influenza prevention, providing a rational and promising pathway toward the development of a universal vaccine and a rapid response platform for future pandemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:25:52Z","timestamp":1776230752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Self\u2010Assembled Nanovaccines: A Promising Strategy for Overcoming Influenza Variability and Advancing Universal Vaccine Development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7666-4928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chou\u2010Yi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihab M.","family":"Abdelrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1129-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hjazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University  Al\u2010Kharj Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansraj","family":"Choubisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing Gokul Global University  Siddhpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirza R.","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy Dubai Medical University  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6591-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haider W.","family":"Alsarhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology College of Medicine, Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimal","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University  Mohali India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina Saeed","family":"Basunduwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albatterjee College  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pusparaj","family":"Samantsinghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology IMS &amp; SUM Hospital, SOA University  Odissa India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunjan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sharda School of Pharmacy Sharda University  Greater Noida India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Comparative Review on the Epidemiology of Influenza, COVID\u201019 and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses","volume":"2","author":"Shuaibu B. 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