{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:53:18Z","timestamp":1791539598330,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORF\u20102026\u2010352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF\u20102026\u2010352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IUBMB Life"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Advanced glycation end\u2010products (AGEs) arise from non\u2010enzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and proteins, contributing to oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. Excessive AGE accumulation is implicated in chronic diabetic complications and may also be relevant to acute metabolic disturbances encountered in emergency medicine.\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetylcysteine (NAC), a naturally occurring antioxidant found in\n                    <jats:italic>Allium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, has demonstrated potential to attenuate oxidative and glycation\u2010mediated damage. The effect of NAC on\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010ribose\u2010induced glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using multiple physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. AGE formation was assessed by measuring hyperchromicity, early glycation products (ketoamines), carbonyl content, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels, and fluorescent AGEs. The protective effect of NAC was further evaluated by determining free lysine and arginine contents. Protein aggregation and conformational changes were analyzed using Congo Red binding and fluorescence assays including thioflavin\u2010T and 1\u2010anilinonaphthalene\u20108\u2010sulfonic acid. NAC significantly inhibited\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010ribose\u2010mediated glycation of BSA in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. Treatment with NAC resulted in reduced hyperchromicity, decreased ketoamine formation, and lower carbonyl, HMF, and fluorescent AGE levels. NAC preserved protein integrity by maintaining higher free lysine and arginine contents. In addition, NAC markedly attenuated glycation\u2010induced protein aggregation, as evidenced by reduced Congo Red binding and diminished thioflavin\u2010T and ANS fluorescence, with maximal protection observed at 300 \u03bcM. NAC exhibits pronounced anti\u2010glycation and anti\u2010aggregation effects by limiting oxidative stress and glycation\u2010mediated protein modification. These findings demonstrate that NAC effectively attenuates\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010ribose\u2010induced glycation and protein aggregation in\u00a0vitro and provide mechanistic insights into its anti\u2010glycation properties through multiple complementary biochemical mechanisms. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its biological relevance in more complex experimental models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.70126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:45:17Z","timestamp":1787982317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010Acetyl Cysteine Mitigates\n                    <scp>d<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Ribose\u2010Induced Protein Glycation and Aggregation Through Multiple Protective Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7953-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabia","family":"Nabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IIRC\u20105, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences Integral University  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2894-3014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tabrez","family":"Faruqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personalized and Molecular Medicine Era University  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4599-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Shahnawaz","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1868-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nouf Omar","family":"Alafaleq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahir Sultan","family":"Alvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley  McAllen Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paridhi","family":"Puri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University  Mohali India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Waiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIRC\u20105, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences Integral University  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2716-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology College of Science, UAE University  Al Ain UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naved","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Sciences, AlMaarefa University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9716-8165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Salman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIRC\u20105, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences Integral University  Lucknow India"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Era University  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1215-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saheem","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail  Hail Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2023.2237180"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200114002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1997.2161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116823"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c01219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS210316021N"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27134064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.15.3.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2020.108373"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Glycyrrhizic Acid Scavenges Reactive Carbonyl Species and Attenuates Glycation\u2010Induced Multiple Protein Modification: An In\u00a0Vitro and In Silico Study","author":"Alvi S. 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