{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:59:24Z","timestamp":1778547564470,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>) induced by rheumatoid arthritis (RA<\/jats:styled-content>) have resulted in persistent pain and caused distress to many patients. Considering that not all patients respond to traditional drugs therapy to RA<\/jats:styled-content> and it has demonstrated that 15\u2010deoxy\u2010\u039412,14<\/jats:sup>\u2010prostaglandin J<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sub> (15d<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PGJ<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sub>) into TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> has a potential peripheral antinociceptive effect, the aim of this study was to evaluate the peripheral effect of 15d<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PGJ<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sub> in RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> inflammatory hypernociception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Antigen\u2010induced arthritis (AIA<\/jats:styled-content>) was generated in rats with methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA<\/jats:styled-content>). RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> hypernociception was assessed by measuring the behavioural nociceptive responses. After behavioural experiments, the animals were terminally anaesthetized and periarticular tissues were removed and homogenized. The supernatants were used to evaluate the levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010\u03b1, interleukin (IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101\u03b2 and keratinocyte\u2010derived chemokine (KC<\/jats:styled-content>) by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay as well the expression of PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b5 and PKA<\/jats:styled-content> by western blotting analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The intra\u2010articular injection of mBSA<\/jats:styled-content>, but not phosphate buffered saline (control), in immunized rats induced dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent behavioural nociceptive responses in which the peak of nociceptive responses were obtained by using 10\u2009\u03bcg\/TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> of mBSA<\/jats:styled-content> after 24\u2009h. Pretreatment with 15d<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PGJ<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sub> (30, 100 and 300\u2009ng\/TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>) inhibited the RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> inflammatory hypernociception. In addition, 15d<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PGJ<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sub> reduced the RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced release of TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and KC<\/jats:styled-content> (p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.05) as well the expression of PKA<\/jats:styled-content> and PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b5 (p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>In the present study, we demonstrated that 15d<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PGJ<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sub> was able to reduce the RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> inflammatory hypernociception by an indirect mechanism. This antinociceptive effect is in part due to decrease of TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and KC<\/jats:styled-content> levels and PKA<\/jats:styled-content>\/PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b5 expression in the TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00114.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T17:25:17Z","timestamp":1329845117000},"page":"1106-1115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The indirect antinociceptive mechanism of 15d<\/scp>\u2010PGJ<\/scp>2<\/sub> on rheumatoid arthritis\u2010induced TMJ<\/scp> inflammatory pain in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M.S.","family":"Quinteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology University of Uberaba 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