{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:19Z","timestamp":1786978039996,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders can be difficult to control and the incorporation of new approaches for its treatment is an interesting challenge. Activation of cannabinoid (\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) receptors decreases nociceptive transmission in acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain states; however, although the use of cannabis derivatives has been recently accepted as a useful alternative for the treatment of spasticity and pain in patients with multiple sclerosis, the effects of\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptor agonists in muscular pain have hardly been studied.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Here, we characterized the antinociceptive effect of non selective and selective\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n agonists by systemic and local administration, in two muscular models of pain, masseter and gastrocnemius, induced by hypertonic saline (\n HS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) injection. Drugs used were: the non\u2010selective agonist\n WIN<\/jats:styled-content>\n 55,212\u20102 and two selective agonists,\n ACEA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ) and\n JWH<\/jats:styled-content>\n 015 (\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n );\n AM<\/jats:styled-content>\n 251 (\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ) and\n AM<\/jats:styled-content>\n 630 (\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) were used as selective antagonists.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n In the masseter pain model, both systemic (intraperitoneal) and local (intramuscular) administration of\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n and\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n agonists reduced the nociceptive behaviour induced by\n HS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , whereas in the gastrocnemius model the local administration was more effective than systemic.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n Our results provide evidence that both,\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n and\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n receptors can contribute to muscular antinociception and, interestingly, suggest that the local administration of\n CB<\/jats:styled-content>\n agonists could be a new and useful pharmacological strategy in the treatment of muscular pain, avoiding adverse effects induced by systemic administration.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00115.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T12:20:56Z","timestamp":1329826856000},"page":"1116-1127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Cannabinoids and muscular pain. 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Ma","family":"S\u00e1nchez Robles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bag\u00fces Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma I.","family":"Mart\u00edn Fontelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid 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