{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T23:54:50Z","timestamp":1778284490625,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,22]],"date-time":"2012-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temporomandibular joint (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>) receives rich sympathetic innervations that may contribute to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>pain through the local release of sympathomimetic amines. The aim of this study was to determine whether blockade of \u03b2\u2010adrenoceptors in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>of male and female rats reduces formalin\u2010induced<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>nociceptive behaviour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We co\u2010administrated each one of the selective \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010, \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010 and \u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptors antagonists, atenolol,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICI<\/jats:styled-content>118.551 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>59230<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively, with formalin in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>of male and proestrus and dioestrus female rats. Because intra\u2010temporomandibular joint formalin induces significantly different concentration\u2010dependent responses among the three groups, with dioestrus females showing greater responses than males or proestrus females, equi\u2010nociceptive formalin concentrations were used to test the effects of the \u03b2\u2010adrenoceptor antagonists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that atenolol,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICI<\/jats:styled-content>118.551 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>59230<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>significantly reduced formalin\u2010induced<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>nociception in a dose response fashion in both males and females. However, a lower dose of each \u03b2\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist was sufficient to significantly reduce nociceptive responses in females than in males. Administration of the highest doses of each \u03b2\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>contralateral to that receiving formalin did not affect formalin\u2010induced nociception in males and females, confirming the local action of the \u03b2\u2010adrenoceptor antagonists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that blockade of \u03b2\u2010adrenoceptors in the temporomandibular joint suppresses formalin\u2010induced<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>nociceptive behaviour in both males and females but females are more responsive. These findings suggest that the use of \u03b2\u2010blockers in the treatment of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>pain might be of benefit, especially in females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00132.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,23]],"date-time":"2012-03-23T08:47:42Z","timestamp":1332492462000},"page":"1302-1310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Blockade of \u03b2<sub>1<\/sub>\u2010, \u03b2<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010 and \u03b2<sub>3<\/sub>\u2010adrenoceptors in the temporomandibular joint induces antinociception especially in female rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"N.C.","family":"F\u00e1varo\u2010Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Laboratory of Orofacial Pain Piracicaba Dental School State University of Campinas Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"Parada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structure and Functional Biology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.H.","family":"Tambeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structure and Functional Biology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350410001595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(93)90725-I"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)35292-9","article-title":"Effect of gender on anti\u2010inflammatory and 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