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Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> often exhibit increased visceral sensitivity, which can be tested clinically by rectal balloon distension procedures. This paper aims to give an overview of mechanisms involved in visceral hypersensitivity in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> by reviewing recent literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Databases and Data Treatment<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search in the electronic databases <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ubmed and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content> was executed using the search terms \u2018visceral pain\u2019 or \u2018visceral nociception\u2019 or \u2018visceral hypersensitivity\u2019 and \u2018irritable bowel syndrome.\u2019 Both original articles and review articles were considered for data extraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent advances in molecular neurophysiology provide knowledge to better understand the underlying mechanism in pain generation in the human gut, in particular, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Sensitization of peripheral nociceptive afferents, more specifically high\u2010threshold afferents, has been proposed as one of the principle mechanism in the development of visceral hypersensitivity. On the other hand, central mechanisms also play an important role. In terms of clinical testing of visceral perception, considerable discrepancies remain, however, across different centres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alterations in the modulatory balance of pro\u2010 and antinociceptive central processing of noxious peripheral input may serve as in integrative hypothesis for explaining visceral hypersensitivity in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>. Nevertheless, it remains troublesome to estimate the contribution of central and peripheral factors in visceral hypersensitivity, posing a challenge in determining effective therapeutic entities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00147.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]],"date-time":"2012-04-13T12:55:28Z","timestamp":1334321728000},"page":"1444-1454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Revisiting concepts of visceral nociception in irritable bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Keszthelyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition  Wageningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center  The 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