{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:11:48Z","timestamp":1792300308776,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,2]],"date-time":"2012-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with schizophrenia show decreased sensitivity towards clinical and experimental painful conditions. To date, the exact underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. One method to examine central integrative processes of pain perception is the thermal grill illusion (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), in which interlacing cold and warm bars create the illusion of a painful sensation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 18 unmedicated patients with acute paranoid schizophrenia, cold and heat pain thresholds (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) as well as the perception of the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were examined and compared to 18 matched controls. In addition, symptom scales were obtained in order to relate pain perception to psychopathology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were significantly increased in patients compared to controls. In the range of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      stimuli that were perceived painful by controls, patients did not indicate painful sensations, instead the stimulus response curve of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      pain perception was shifted towards higher stimulus intensities, i.e., greater temperature differentials between cold and warm bars. This increase was comparable to that seen in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . There was no association with psychopathology for any pain parameter.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , as well as temperature differentials for the perception of the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were increased in patients with schizophrenia as compared to controls. Similar to visual illusions, in which reduced contrast sensitivity has been shown to alter the perception of illusions, the discriminatory somatosensory deficit, which is reflected in higher\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      as well as the previously reported increased warmth perception thresholds, might account for the attenuation of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00188.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,2]],"date-time":"2012-07-02T09:40:49Z","timestamp":1341222049000},"page":"200-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Increased cold and heat pain thresholds influence the thermal grill illusion in schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M.K.","family":"Boettger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology I, Teichgraben 8 University Hospital  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Grossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain &amp; 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