{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:02:06Z","timestamp":1785380526627,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]],"date-time":"2012-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>We describe the changing pattern of analgesic and new central acting drug (NCAD<\/jats:styled-content>) use (pregabalin, duloxetine, milnacipran) in fibromyalgia and measure NCAD<\/jats:styled-content> effectiveness in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>About 3123 US<\/jats:styled-content> adult patients with fibromyalgia participated in an 11\u2010year longitudinal study of fibromyalgia outcomes. We assessed severity\u2010adjusted treatment prevalence and measured the effect of any use of NCAD<\/jats:styled-content> on pain and fatigue, and functional status using the H<\/jats:styled-content>ealth A<\/jats:styled-content>ssessment Q<\/jats:styled-content>uestionnaire (HAQ<\/jats:styled-content>) disability index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In 2010, 46.7% of patients used opioids, including 12.5% who used strong opioids. During the 11 years, severity\u2010adjusted strong opioid use increased from 6.3% to 11.7% and any opioid use from 40.0% to 46.6%. Nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drug (NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>) use decreased from 74% to 44%. Tricyclic use dropped in half, from 27% to 15%, while NCAD<\/jats:styled-content> use increased from less than 10% to 39%. The estimated 25th and 50th percentiles for NCAD<\/jats:styled-content> discontinuation time were 1 and 2.5 years. Overall pain, fatigue and HAQ<\/jats:styled-content> scores were unchanged over the 11 years. For patients treated with NCAD<\/jats:styled-content>, pain scores were reduced significantly by 0.17 (0.03, 0.30) units following the start of NCAD<\/jats:styled-content>, an improvement of 2.8%. Some sensitivity analyses showed improvements of up to 4.3%. There was no significant improvement in fatigue or functional status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>There is a changing pattern of drug treatment in fibromyalgia, consisting mostly of decreased NSAID<\/jats:styled-content> and amitriptyline use and an increase in NCAD<\/jats:styled-content>. Drug costs are substantially higher because of NCAD<\/jats:styled-content> use, but we found no evidence of clinical benefit for NCAD<\/jats:styled-content> compared with prior therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00234.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]],"date-time":"2012-11-21T11:15:49Z","timestamp":1353496549000},"page":"581-586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Longitudinal patterns of analgesic and central acting drug use and associated effectiveness in fibromyalgia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases Wichita USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.T.","family":"Walitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.S.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Rush University Medical Center Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.D.","family":"Michaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology University of Nebraska Medical Center and National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases Omaha USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"H\u00e4user","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.05.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01480.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Drugs to treat fibromyalgia \u2013 the transatlantic difference","volume":"11","author":"Briley M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31819be587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 12.0","author":"Corporation S.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.01.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7516.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq155"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fj.1532-2149.2012.00234.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00234.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T08:43:19Z","timestamp":1697445799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00234.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00234.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00234.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-3801","1532-2149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-3801","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2149","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]]}}}