{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:15:47Z","timestamp":1791818147059,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]],"date-time":"2013-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Electroacupuncture (\n EA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) has been widely accepted and applied as an important acupuncture\u2010related technique for acupuncture analgesia (\n AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) research. The involvement of opioid peptides and receptors in acute\n AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n has been shown via pre\u2010\n EA<\/jats:styled-content>\n application of opioid receptor\/peptide antagonists. In this study, we intended to reproducibly institute acupoint position and needling excluding influences from anaesthesia or restrainers on rats with complete Freund's adjuvant (\n CFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) hind paw inflammatory pain, as well as to explore opioid\u2010dependency and anti\u2010inflammatory effects in sustained acupuncture analgesia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Accurate position and needling approach on acupoint\n GB30<\/jats:styled-content>\n was modelled by computer\u2010based three\u2010dimensional (\n 3D<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) images and followed by an optimal\n EA<\/jats:styled-content>\n treatment protocol (100\u2009\n Hz<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 2\u20133\n mA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 20\u2009min) at 0 and 24\u2009h post\u2010\n CFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n in conscious free\u2010moving rats. Opioid receptor antagonists, naloxone (\n NLX<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and naltrindole (\n NTI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were applied intraplantarly post\u2010\n EA<\/jats:styled-content>\n at late phase (96\u2009h) of\n CFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Nociceptive thresholds were assessed by paw pressure threshold (\n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n andall\u2010\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ellito) or paw withdrawal latency (\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n argreaves), and anti\u2010inflammatory effects were evaluated by measurement of plantar temperature and paw volume.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n EA<\/jats:styled-content>\n elicited significant sustained mechanical and thermal antinociception up to 144\u2009h. Mechanical antinociception of\n EA<\/jats:styled-content>\n was suppressed by peripheral intraplantar application of\n NLX<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n NTI<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n EA<\/jats:styled-content>\n also reduced paw temperature and volume during the same time frame indicating anti\u2010inflammatory effects.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n By employing a reproducible\n EA<\/jats:styled-content>\n treatment model on\n GB30<\/jats:styled-content>\n in free\u2010moving rats, we demonstrated the involvement of peripheral opioid receptors mediated\n EA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced long\u2010term antinociception. Future studies should examine the specific neuroimmunological connection of\n EA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced sustained antinociception in inflammation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00325.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]],"date-time":"2013-05-07T00:15:10Z","timestamp":1367885710000},"page":"1447-1457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Long\u2010term antinociception by electroacupuncture is mediated via peripheral opioid receptors in free\u2010moving rats with inflammatory hyperalgesia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hackel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Applied Sciences Augsburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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