{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T02:14:05Z","timestamp":1794449645101,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]],"date-time":"2013-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Phantom limb pain (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is a common consequence of amputation and is difficult to treat. Mirror therapy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), a procedure utilizing the visual recreation of movement of a lost limb by moving the intact limb in front of a mirror, has been shown to be effective in reducing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . However, the neural correlates of this effect are not known.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We investigated the effects of daily mirror training over 4 weeks in 13 chronic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients after unilateral arm amputation. Eleven participants performed hand and lip movements during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) measurement before and after\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . The location of neural activity in primary somatosensory cortex during these tasks was used to assess brain changes related to treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The treatment caused a significant reduction of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (average decrease of 27%). Treatment effects were predicted by a telescopic distortion of the phantom, with those patients who experienced a telescope profiting less from treatment.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      data analyses revealed a relationship between change in pain after\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and a reversal of dysfunctional cortical reorganization in primary somatosensory cortex. Pain reduction after mirror training was also related to a decrease of activity in the inferior parietal cortex (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Experienced body appearance seems to be an important predictor of mirror treatment effectiveness. Maladaptive changes in cortical organization are reversed during mirror treatment, which also alters activity in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , a region involved in painful perceptions and in the perceived relatedness to an observed limb.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00433.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]],"date-time":"2013-12-10T21:44:47Z","timestamp":1386711887000},"page":"729-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":276,"title":["Mirror therapy for phantom limb pain: Brain changes and the role of body representation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Foell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim 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