{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:22:43Z","timestamp":1778890963128,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>We investigated both the efficacy and the sub\u2010chronic toxicity of T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>ephrosia toxicaria<\/jats:italic>\u2005P<\/jats:styled-content>ers. in the zymosan\u2010induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>) inflammatory hypernociception in rats evaluating the possible role of heme oxygenase\u20101 (HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Rats were pretreated with T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009toxicaria<\/jats:italic> (0.2, 2.0 or 20\u2009mg\/kg) 60\u2009min before the intra\u2010articular injection of zymosan (2\u2009mg, 40\u2009\u03bcL) in the left TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>. In another series of experiments, rats were treated with ZnPP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010IX<\/jats:styled-content> (3\u2009mg\/kg), a specific HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 inhibitor, before T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009toxicaria<\/jats:italic> (20\u2009mg\/kg). Von Frey test was used to evaluate inflammatory hypernociception (g) 4\u2009h after zymosan injection. Six hours after zymosan injection, the synovial lavage was collected for total cell count and myeloperoxidase (MPO<\/jats:styled-content>) activity, and joint tissue for histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101. To evaluate the sub\u2010chronic toxicity, mice received T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009toxicaria<\/jats:italic> (20\u2009mg\/kg) or saline once a day for 14 days to analyse body mass, organ weight and biochemical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009toxicaria<\/jats:italic> partially reversed the zymosan\u2010induced head withdrawal threshold, the number of cells and the MPO<\/jats:styled-content> activity. T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009toxicaria<\/jats:italic> reduced the inflammatory cell influx in the synovial membrane. TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> immunohistochemical analyses treated with T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009toxicaria<\/jats:italic> showed increased HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 expression. These effects of T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009toxicaria<\/jats:italic> were not observed in the presence of ZnPP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010IX<\/jats:styled-content>. T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009toxicaria<\/jats:italic> treatment for 14 days did not show significant signs of toxicity when administrated to mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>T. toxicaria<\/jats:italic> did not produce any signs of toxicity and effectively decreased zymosan\u2010induced TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> inflammatory hypernociception dependent, at least in part, upon the HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 pathway integrity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2014.488.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T07:13:31Z","timestamp":1397027611000},"page":"1280-1289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["T<\/i><\/scp>ephrosia toxicaria<\/i>\u2005P<\/scp>ers. reduces temporomandibular joint inflammatory hypernociception: The involvement of the HO<\/scp>\u20101 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"D.R.","family":"do 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