{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T10:34:25Z","timestamp":1773916465011,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,4]],"date-time":"2012-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Despite numerous pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment strategies, heart failure remains a complex, progressive disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. Angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>) inhibitors, angiotensin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> receptor blockers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARB<\/jats:styled-content>s), and \u03b2\u2010blockers have been used as routine treatment options for heart failure for the majority of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction who tolerate these agents. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRA<\/jats:styled-content>s) have also demonstrated significant benefits in the treatment of heart failure, which include a reduction in sudden cardiac death and ventricular remodeling; however, these agents have not been recommended for most patients with heart failure. In the most recent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">American College of Cardiology Foundation<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">American Heart Association<\/jats:styled-content> guidelines, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRA<\/jats:styled-content>s are recommended for patients with New York Heart Association <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">c<\/jats:styled-content>lass <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms or previous acute myocardial infarction, provided an absence of contraindications or risk factors for developing hyperkalemia. Based on more recent evidence, it is likely that future recommendations and guidelines will further expand the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRA<\/jats:styled-content>s to patients with mild heart failure as well. These agents have the potential to be recommended nearly as universally as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors and \u03b2\u2010blockers because of the potential to reduce mortality and hospital admissions for heart failure. The risk of hyperkalemia should be carefully assessed when using these drugs; nonetheless, new strategies being developed may reduce the occurrence of hyperkalemia as well.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01104.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,4]],"date-time":"2012-09-04T08:25:48Z","timestamp":1346747148000},"page":"827-837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expanding Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Alidz","family":"Talatinian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Western University of Health Sciences  Pomona California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheryl L.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Western University of Health Sciences  Pomona California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Thomas","family":"Heywood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scripps Clinic  La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182009701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530440037034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000039105.49749.6F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"e391","article-title":"2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC\/AHA 2005 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Developed in collaberation with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation","volume":"119","author":"Hunt SA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Role of angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan in heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Webb RL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-011-0182-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-011-0182-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)02957-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio0914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.6.1849"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.5.1730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520420066040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.52.5.530"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14284-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.10.1295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00983.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1984.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.821199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90241-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"SearleGD.Inspra (eplerenone) tablets prescribing information. May2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000102900103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.23.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)02261-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.22.2700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.809194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-010-0046-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02694-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Hyperkalemia associated with spironolactone therapy","volume":"51","author":"Dolovich L","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.4.4.677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.553370"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/80.12.1623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.30.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","unstructured":"PRNewswire.com. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/sorbent-therapeutics-completes-36-million-series-b-financing-for-net-of-53-million-124766178. Accessed September 17 2011."}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fj.1875-9114.2012.01104.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01104.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:33:07Z","timestamp":1761046387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01104.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01104.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01104.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-0008","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}