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Rapid molecular tests enhance one of the key functions of microbiology laboratories, which is to produce accurate organism identification and timely antimicrobial susceptibility testing data. These data are used to guide the choice of antimicrobial agents for treating infections in individual patients, and the aggregate data (i.e., hospital's antibiogram) are used to guide empiric therapy for infections before the availability of the patient's culture results and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> antimicrobial susceptibility testing<\/jats:styled-content> data. In addition, accurate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">antimicrobial susceptibility testing<\/jats:styled-content> data are critical for the overall success of a health care institution's antimicrobial stewardship program. Tests that provide accurate organism identification and antimicrobial susceptibility not only benefit the individual patient but also increase the effectiveness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">antimicrobial stewardship program<\/jats:styled-content>s. This review focuses on the use of molecular diagnostic methods to rapidly identify <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>taphylococcus<\/jats:italic> species, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>nterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>nterococcus faecium, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>scherichia coli<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>lebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>seudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>andida<\/jats:italic> species from clinical samples and summarizes studies that describe the application of rapid diagnostic tests in antimicrobial stewardship programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01137.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,5]],"date-time":"2012-09-05T03:57:03Z","timestamp":1346817423000},"page":"677-687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Using Rapid Diagnostic Tests to Optimize Antimicrobial Selection in Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Debra A.","family":"Goff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Medical Center  Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Shands Hospital  Jacksonville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred C.","family":"Tenover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Cepheid  Sunnyvale California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Antibiogram","author":"Tenover FC","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05827.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.29.5.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Methods for antimicrobial dilution and disk diffusion suscpetibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria; Document M45\u2010A2. 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