{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T01:59:51Z","timestamp":1785463191895,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of App Behav Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study extended prior observer\u2010effect training research by evaluating whether scoring video models improved procedural fidelity when implementing discrete\u2010trial instruction (DTI) with early intervention clients. Fifteen undergraduate students were assessed on implementation of three DTI skills (e.g., matching) following written instructions alone and received asynchronous, online training where they scored video models of DTI implementation using a procedural fidelity checklist. A multiple\u2010baseline design across participants was used to evaluate the efficacy and generalization of the observer effect on procedural fidelity across skills. After scoring a matching video, 73.33% of participants (\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a011) met mastery criteria for implementing matching and 46.67% (\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a07) generalized skills to imitation and listener responding. Consistent with prior research, observation alone produced improvements in procedural fidelity and for most participants, mastery without in vivo modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. Results support observer\u2010effect training as an efficient method for establishing high\u2010fidelity DTI implementation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.70075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T01:31:16Z","timestamp":1785461476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Further evaluation of the observer effect to train discrete\u2010trial instruction skills"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2967-7328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciobha A.","family":"McKeown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology California State University, Sacramento  Sacramento CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Florida  Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malchijah 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