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A secondary objective assessed changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) associated with such utilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis included IHS data for 9844 adults aged 18 and older with CVD who lived in 5 locations. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine patient characteristics (eg, age, sex, health status, SDOH) associated with clinical pharmacy utilization in fiscal year (FY) 2012. A propensity score model was employed to estimate the association of elevated SBP in FY2013 with FY2012 clinical pharmacy utilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nearly 15% of adults with CVD used clinical pharmacy services. Among adults with CVD, the odds of clinical pharmacy use were higher among adults diagnosed with congestive heart failure (adjusted odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a01.22; 95% CI:1.01\u20101.47), other types of heart disease not including ischemia (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.40; 95% CI: 1.18\u20101.65), and vascular disease (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.23; 95% CI: 1.04\u20101.46), compared to adults without these conditions. Diabetes (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.05, 95% CI: 3.29\u20105.00) and anticoagulation medication use (OR\u00a0=\u00a020.88, 95% CI: 16.76\u201020.61) were associated with substantially higher odds of clinical pharmacy utilization. Medicaid coverage (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.72; 95% CI: 0.56\u20100.93) and longer travel times to services (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.87; 95% CI: 0.83\u20100.92) were each associated with lower odds. FY2012 clinical pharmacy users had lower odds of elevated SBP (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.71 95% CI: 0.58\u20100.87) in FY2013 than nonusers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to health status, SDOH (eg, Medicaid coverage, longer travel times) influenced clinical pharmacy utilization. Understanding characteristics associated with clinical pharmacy utilization may assist IHS\/Tribal health programs in efforts to support optimization of these services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T05:13:19Z","timestamp":1652245999000},"page":"800-811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of clinical pharmacy services by American Indians and Alaska Native adults with cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3498-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spero M.","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Bott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alaska Native Medical Center  Anchorage Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Sheffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Fe Indian Health Center  Santa Fe New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Steers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chickasaw Nation Medical Center  Ada Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luohua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National Diabetes Statistics Report 2020. 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