{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T02:25:15Z","timestamp":1770690315462,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Am Coll Clin Pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacist training on naloxone is often assessed within a few months following initial instruction; however, the retention of the skills necessary in a naloxone rescue beyond short\u2010term follow\u2010up and in the same cohort is not well documented.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine how students of the same class would perform on a simulated opioid\u2010induced breathing emergency (OIBE) response with naloxone during their third professional (P3) year versus their first professional (P1) year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacy students in their P1 year were provided asynchronous training on naloxone information and use 2\u2009days prior to a required skills lab. During class, students were provided hands\u2010on experience with various naloxone devices, and then completed a simulation related to an encountered OIBE with naloxone response. These students completed the same simulation 2\u2009years later during their P3 year having not received any additional training. A checklist from previously published work was used to evaluate student performance during each simulation. Results of the P1 and P3 simulations were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty\u2010three percent (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200955) of students had P1 and P3 data and were included in the analysis. The mean scores for students with matching data were 77% (standard deviation [SD]\u2009=\u200910.42) during the P1 year and 86% (SD\u2009=\u200911.47) during the P3 year (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Two checklist items showed significant improvement from the P1 to P3\u2009years: determine if the patient is breathing (P1\u2009=\u200920%, P3\u2009=\u200976%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and slightly tilt the patient's head (P1\u2009=\u200920%, P3\u2009=\u200941%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). One item showed a significant decrease from the P1 to P3\u2009years: determine if the patient has a pulse (P1\u2009=\u200996%, P3\u2009=\u200970%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Students of the same class performed better during their P3 year than their P1 year on a simulated OIBE with naloxone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.70155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T05:44:37Z","timestamp":1764222277000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Two\u2010Year Evaluation of Student Performance in Responding to a Simulated Opioid\u2010Induced Breathing Emergency Using Naloxone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4824-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Franko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy Wilkes University  Wilkes\u2010Barre Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin A.","family":"Dunleavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nesbitt School of Pharmacy Wilkes University  Wilkes\u2010Barre Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics \u201cDrug Overdose Deaths \u201d 2024 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/hus\/topics\/drug\u2010overdose\u2010deaths.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cCDC Reports Nearly 24% Decline in U.S. Drug Overdose Deaths \u201d 2025 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/media\/releases\/2025\/2025\u2010cdc\u2010reports\u2010decline\u2010in\u2010us\u2010drug\u2010overdose\u2010deaths.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics \u201cU.S. Overdose Deaths Decrease in 2023 First Time Since 2018 \u201d 2024 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/releases\/20240515.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2024\/20240515.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"The Commonwealth of Massachusetts \u201cNaloxone Facts and Formulations \u201daccessed October 24 2025 https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/info\u2010details\/naloxone\u2010facts\u2010and\u2010formulations#:~:text=In%201971%2C%20the%20Food%20and name%20for%20nasal%20spray%20naloxone."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Office of the Surgeon General \u201cU.S. Surgeon General's Advisory on Naloxone and Opioid Overdose \u201d 2022 https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/surgeongeneral\/priorities\/opioids\u2010and\u2010addiction\/naloxone\u2010advisory\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe8421"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2018.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Auburn University. Harrison School of Pharmacy \u201cHSOP Students Take Initiative in Opioid Crisis With Naloxone Training \u201d 2021 https:\/\/pharmacy.auburn.edu\/news\/2020\u201021\/073020\u2010naloxonetraining.php."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"California Health Sciences University \u201cRole Playing in the Classroom: Pharmacy Students Simulate and Opioid Overdose Situation \u201d 2019 https:\/\/chsu.edu\/role\u2010playing\u2010in\u2010the\u2010classroom\u2010pharmacy\u2010students\u2010simulate\u2010an\u2010opioid\u2010overdose\u2010situation\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecinn.2023.100196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2018.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1439797"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2018.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45415"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2022.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2018.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpe.2023.100609"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2016.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5863\/1551\u20106776\u201021.6.476"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038813"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy \u201cStudent Applications Enrollments and Degrees Conferred Reports \u201daccessed October 24 2025 https:\/\/www.aacp.org\/research\/institutional\u2010research\/student\u2010applications\u2010enrollments\u2010and\u2010degrees\u2010conferred."}],"container-title":["JACCP:  JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jac5.70155","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jac5.70155","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jac5.70155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T08:48:23Z","timestamp":1770626903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jac5.70155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jac5.70155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jac5.70155","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-9870","2574-9870"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-9870","type":"print"},{"value":"2574-9870","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70155"}}