{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:42:08Z","timestamp":1792125728256,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Am Coll Clin Pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1.2 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States, and an estimated 32\u2009000 new HIV infections are reported each year. While pharmacists and pharmacies play major roles in ending the HIV epidemic, harnessing their full potential will require substantial investment in training qualified pharmacy personnel who can provide HIV prevention and treatment services encompassing comprehensive, culturally sensitive care. The purpose of this white paper is to review critical challenges facing the profession of pharmacy that hinder comprehensive HIV care, including the paucity of residency\u2010trained HIV pharmacists due to a lack of HIV\u2010focused post\u2010graduate training programs, inconsistencies in pharmacy curricula, and insufficient or variable reimbursement for pharmacist services. By proposing targeted solutions across pharmacy education, training, research, and reimbursement, we seek to cultivate a robust, well\u2010trained pharmacy workforce who can effectively provide HIV prevention and treatment services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.70160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:18:25Z","timestamp":1767914305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Need for More\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Trained Pharmacists due to Unmet Needs and Expanding Opportunities: An Opinion of the\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9393-9636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radhika S.","family":"Polisetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove Campus (CPDG)  Downers Grove Illinois USA"},{"name":"Northwestern Medicine Central DuPage Hospital  Winfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6448-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spencer H.","family":"Durham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2343-8198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxane","family":"Rohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science  North Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center  North Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3656-1144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David B.","family":"Cluck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East Tennessee State University Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy  Johnson City Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6559-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University  Florida USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Memorial Healthcare System  Hollywood Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0880-1780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crystal K.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNT Health Fort Worth College of Pharmacy  Fort Worth Texas USA"},{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Huesgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Health  Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2132-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Sahloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science  Toledo Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salin","family":"Nhean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chase Brexton Health Care  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7564-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Badowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago, College of Pharmacy  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-2042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Brizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Health  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1244-8422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristy M.","family":"Shaeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida  Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimated HIV Incidence and Prevalence in the United States, 2018\u20132022","volume":"29","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024","journal-title":"HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920941184"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS Bureau \u201cEnding the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. Initiative Data Report 2020 \u201d(2021) www.hab.hrsa.gov\/data\/data\u2010reports."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"The Aging Population With HIV Infection","volume":"128","author":"Wing E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae265"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2011.17.3.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0216"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JNC.0000000000000495"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae479"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix518"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxae261"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp150623"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcsop.2021.100007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd19.220129"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe80345"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe7270"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Elements of the HIV Care Continuum: Improving Engagement and Retention in Care","volume":"24","author":"Mugavero M. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Topics in Antiviral Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"HIV Care Continuum \u201cU.S. Government Website Managed by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services and Supported by the Minority HIV\/AIDS Fund \u201daccessed October 25 2025 https:\/\/www.hiv.gov\/federal\u2010response\/other\u2010topics\/hiv\u2010aids\u2010care\u2010continuum#:~:text=The%20HIV%20care%20continuum%20is called%20antiretroviral%20therapy%20or%20ART."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","unstructured":"Ryan White HIV Clinic Programs \u201cHuman Resources and Services Administration \u201daccessed October 25 2025 https:\/\/ryanwhite.hrsa.gov\/data\/reports."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","unstructured":"S.Ko D.Mathews M.Pao et\u00a0al. \u201cThe Role of Pharmacists in HIV Care Continues to Expand. SIDP Commentary Article. The Pharmacy Times \u201d(2023) https:\/\/www.pharmacytimes.com\/view\/the\u2010role\u2010of\u2010pharmacists\u2010in\u2010hiv\u2010care\u2010continues\u2010to\u2010expand."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2018.24.2.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcsop.2021.100088"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000002732"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp070048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcsop.2021.100066"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18549\/PharmPract.2019.3.1543"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40780\u2010020\u201000165\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001401"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2012.10208"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/coh.0000000000000752"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000001454"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1206"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304146"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm\u20102020\u2010002330"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2019.0235"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1667"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz365"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) \u201cWhat is \u2018Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America? \u201daccessed September 26 2023 https:\/\/www.hiv.gov\/ending\u2010hiv\u2010epidemic\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","unstructured":"CDC \u201cEstablishing a Holistic Framework to Reduce Inequities in HIV Viral Hepatitis STDs and Tuberculosis in the United States: An NCHHSTP White Paper on Social Determinants of Health 2010 \u201d(2010) http:\/\/go.usa.gov\/AH2z."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","unstructured":"S.Collins \u201cPharmacists Expand Access to PrEP in 17 States \u201daccessed January 3 2024 https:\/\/www.pharmacist.com\/Publications\/Pharmacy\u2010Today\/Article\/pharmacists\u2010expand\u2010access\u2010to\u2010prep\u2010in\u201017\u2010states."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","unstructured":"Pharmacist Prescribing: HIV PrEP and PEP \u201cNASTAD \u201d(2025) https:\/\/nastad.org\/resources\/pharmacists\u2010authority\u2010engage\u2010collaborative\u2010practice\u2010agreements\u2010and\u2010initiate\u2010prep\u2010pep\u2010and."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac716"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12375"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/imp2930"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1191"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.1343"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121003668102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010018\u20103226\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2022.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcsop.2022.100215"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2017.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2021.101590"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpe.2024.100659"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe7402"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad560"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1930"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2020.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","unstructured":"Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) \u201cInfectious Diseases Pharmacy Certification \u201daccessed July 2 2025 https:\/\/bpsweb.org\/infectious\u2010diseases\u2010pharmacy\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010025\u201007017\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","unstructured":"American Society of Health\u2010System Pharmacists (ASHP) \u201cPharmacy Residency Directory \u201d(2020) https:\/\/www.ashp.org\/professional\u2010development\/residency\u2010information\/residency\u2010directory."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz387"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190013513301"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","unstructured":"American Academy of HIV Medicine \u201cHIV Training Course \u201daccessed January 28 2025 https:\/\/aahivm.org\/hiv\u2010pharmacist\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","unstructured":"American Pharmacist Association \u201cHIV Training Course (12\u2010Hour). Pharmacy\u2010Based HIV Prevention Services \u201daccessed January 28 2025 https:\/\/www.pharmacist.com\/Education\/Certificate\u2010Training\u2010Programs\/Pharmacy\u2010Based\u2010HIV\u2010Prevention\u2010Services."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","unstructured":"American Society of Health\u2010Systems Pharmacists \u201c9.75\u2010Hour \u201cMicrocredentialing\u201d Training Course \u201daccessed January 28 2025 https:\/\/store.ashp.org\/Default.aspx?TabID=251&productId=925473783&srsltid=AfmBOooYXJJi_XTSEMCKlVnGlkBGNA3bwbEuWkNnXCtGF4Sg3uZDH4Gh."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","unstructured":"HealthHIV HIV PrEP Navigation Certification Program \u201c4\u2010Hour Mini Training Course \u201daccessed January 28 2025 https:\/\/healthhiv.org\/hivpnc\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","unstructured":"MichRx \u201c5\u2010Hour Shorter HIV Training Course \u201daccessed January 28 2025 https:\/\/hivpharmacyonlinetraining.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","volume-title":"National HIV\/AIDS Strategy for the United States 2022\u20132025","author":"The White House","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Health Office of AIDS Research \u201cPharmacy\u2010Centered HIV Research: Current Landscape and Future Frontiers \u201daccessed May 27 2025 https:\/\/oar.nih.gov\/news\u2010and\u2010events\/events\/pharmacy\u2010centered\u2010hiv\u2010research\u2010current\u2010landscape\u2010and\u2010future\u2010frontiers."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(25)00074-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1906"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","unstructured":"\u201cBuilding the HIV Workforce \u2013 TAKE on HIV | AIDS Education and Training Centers National Coordinating Resource Center (AETC NCRC)\/AETC National Coordinating Resource Center | AIDS Education and Training Centers National Coordinating Resource Center (AETC NCRC) \u201daccessed May 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Medication Safety in Clinical Trials: Role of the Pharmacist in Optimizing Practice, Collaboration, and Education to Reduce Errors","volume":"90","author":"Brown J. N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","unstructured":"American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) \u201cInvestigator Development \u201daccessed May 17 2025 https:\/\/www.accpfoundation.org\/investigator\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","unstructured":"Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacist \u201cGrant Opportunities \u201daccessed July 13 2025 https:\/\/sidp.org\/Grants."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","unstructured":"ACTHIV \u2013 The American Conference for the Treatment of HIV. accessed June 11 2025 https:\/\/acthiv.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","unstructured":"About the Academy Mentoring Program \u2013 Academy Communities. accessed June 12 2025 https:\/\/community.aahivm.org\/mentoring."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","unstructured":"ACCP Practice and Research Networks. accessed June 13 2025 https:\/\/www.accp.com\/prns\/index.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","first-page":"725","article-title":"American College of Clinical Pharmacy Commentary","volume":"5","author":"Key State\u2010Level Policy Elements Governing Pharmacist Collaborative Practice","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad549"}],"container-title":["JACCP:  JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jac5.70160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T08:28:28Z","timestamp":1767947308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jac5.70160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jac5.70160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jac5.70160","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-9870","2574-9870"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-9870","type":"print"},{"value":"2574-9870","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70160"}}