{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:48:55Z","timestamp":1790819335191,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Am Coll Clin Pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pharmacists and their teams have a long history of involvement with vaccines. This paper describes the\u00a0contributions of pharmacy\u2010based immunization delivery in the United States from the 1800's to date. Early activities centered around storage and distribution of antitoxins and vaccines. From the 1950s through the early 1990s, pharmacists were facilitating administration of vaccines by other health care providers. In the early 1990s, efforts began to allow pharmacists to administer vaccines, with the first pharmacist immunization training in 1994. By 2009, all 50 states allowed pharmacists to administer vaccines. From the 1990s onward, pharmacists increasingly contributed to national vaccine policies and guidelines, and states expanded their authority to a broader range of patient ages\u00a0and vaccines. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic opened more opportunities for pharmacy\u2010based involvement, including federal expansion of immunizing authority to children aged 3\u2009years and older, and the authority for pharmacy technicians and student pharmacists to administer vaccines. Pharmacists and their teams administered more than 50% of the COVID\u201019 vaccines. Today, the majority of adult vaccines are administered in pharmacy\u2010based settings. Even with pharmacy's substantial contributions to immunization delivery in the United States, challenges persist for providers and patients, including inconsistent state\u2010to\u2010state immunizing authority by age and disease and payor payment. Pharmacy\u2010based immunization delivery has become a significant contributor to improving public health by protecting against vaccine\u2010preventable diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.70219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T22:46:01Z","timestamp":1778453161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pharmacy\u2010Based Immunization Delivery: A Comprehensive History and Current Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2238-9569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Venable R.","family":"Goode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchel C.","family":"Rothholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Three\u2010C Consulting Group  Harleysville Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan L.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retired, U.S. Public Health Service  Atoka Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica R.","family":"Brody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Library Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0404-2198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John D.","family":"Gr\u00e4benstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Dynamics  Easton Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Ten Great Public Health Achievements\u2014United States, 1900\u20131999","volume":"48","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1999","journal-title":"MMWR. 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