{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:07:34Z","timestamp":1785881254554,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Adolescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experiencing elevated stress increases the risk of further difficulties in mental health, including externalizing behaviors in adolescents. There is a need for understanding the factors that help adolescents mitigate social stress to prevent problematic externalizing behaviors. Growth mindset has been found to be a promising protective factor in adolescent development including mental health. This study aimed to examine the potential buffering role of growth mindset of thoughts\u2010emotion\u2010and\u2010behaviors in the context of two types of social stress (i.e., family\u00a0and peer) to reduce externalizing behaviors among adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample is composed of 399 adolescents (age range 14\u201318 years, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916.22, <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.21; 56.4% female, 42.3% male, 1.3% gender\u2010nonconforming or variant) from a large, urban, diverse high school in the United States. Adolescent self\u2010reports were administered at one time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moderation analyses revealed that growth mindset of thoughts, emotion, and behaviors moderate the association between family stress and externalizing behaviors. The magnitude of this association weakened as the level of growth mindset increased, supporting the buffering effect of the moderator. Neither the moderation effect of growth mindset nor the main effects of peer stress and growth mindset were significant in predicting externalizing behaviors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, the findings suggested that growth mindset has protective effects in reducing externalizing behaviors when adolescents experience family stress. Future directions and implications are discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.12006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T10:43:02Z","timestamp":1657104182000},"page":"69-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["An examination of the moderating role of growth mindset in the relation between social stress and externalizing behaviors among adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Kelsey A.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Memphis Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7324-7125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Studies in Education Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.2001.1491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.651990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Cognitive models of depression","volume":"1","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"328","volume-title":"Assessment of childhood disorders","author":"Bierman K. L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191120903382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.764"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.2.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2006.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.09.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01973533.2013.840632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054705280413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-008-0122-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2003.42203.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Caution\u2014Praise can be dangerous","volume":"23","author":"Dweck C. S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Educator"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"The perils and promises of praise","volume":"12","author":"Dweck C. S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kaleidoscope: Contemporary and Classic Readings in Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.95.2.256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012750053-9\/50005-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691618804166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02948.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122410396196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/449114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"Changing mindsets: Effectiveness trial","author":"Foliano F.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0609-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9434-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870050057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.3.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2008.00574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797616639727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression\u2010based approach","author":"Hayes A. F.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","unstructured":"Hayes A. F.(2015). Hacking PROCESS for estimation and probing of linear moderation of quadratic effects and quadratic moderation of linear effects.Unpublished White Paper.\u00a0Ohio State University."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-006-9045-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","unstructured":"IBM Corp. (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 26.0."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"567","article-title":"Strengths and subjective wellbeing in adolescence: Strength\u2010based parenting and the moderating effect of mindset","volume":"19","author":"Jach H. K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.12184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang X. Paley N. &Shi D.(2022). Examining the validity and measurement invariance across gender and race of the implicit thoughts emotion and behavior questionnaire. [Manuscript submitted for publication].","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/146642400212200411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","unstructured":"Lewis P. B.(1999).Stereotype threat implicit theories of intelligence and racial differences in standardized test performance. Unpublished dissertation Kent State University."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"College students' implicit theories of ability in sports: Race and gender differences","volume":"27","author":"Li W.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Sport Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-019-01495-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579407000442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1993.12085664"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429465338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614548317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-003-0298-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/0144665042388982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2015.1021249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02372.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.20.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Randomized trial of a single\u2010session growth mind\u2010set intervention for rural adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems","volume":"49","author":"Schleider J. L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0595-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2016.35.2.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797617739704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-016-0635-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.88.3.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","first-page":"88","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnik B. G.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.12.380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-016-0402-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2012.722805"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431613516827"}],"container-title":["Journal of Adolescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jad.12006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jad.12006","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jad.12006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T06:06:34Z","timestamp":1693116394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jad.12006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jad.12006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jad.12006","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-1971","1095-9254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-1971","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}