{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:58:30Z","timestamp":1788469110044,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Adolescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model incorporating random forest (RF) screening ability for predicting the risk of depression in adolescents and identifies key risk factors to provide a new approach for primary care screening of depression among adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data were from a large cross\u2010sectional study conducted in China from July to September 2021, enrolling 8635 adolescents aged 10\u201317 with their parents. We used the Patient health questionnaire (PHQ\u20109) to rate adolescent depression symptoms, using scales and single\u2010item questions to collect demographic information and other variables. Initial model variables screening used the RF importance assessment, followed by building prediction model using the screened variables through the ANN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rate of depression symptoms in adolescents was 24.6%, and the depression risk prediction model was built based on 70% of the training set and 30% of the test set. Ten variables were included in the final prediction model with a model accuracy of 85.03%, AUC of 0.892, specificity of 89.79%, and sensitivity of 70.81%. The top 10 significant factors of depression risk were adolescent rumination, adolescent self\u2010esteem, adolescent mobile phone addiction, peer victimization, care in parenting styles, overprotection in parenting styles, academic pressure, conflict in parent\u2013child relationship, parental rumination, and relationship between parents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ANN model based on the RF effectively identifies depression risk in adolescents and provides a methodological reference for large\u2010scale primary screening. Cross\u2010sectional studies and single\u2010item scales limit further improvements in model accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.12357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T21:07:39Z","timestamp":1717535259000},"page":"1485-1497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Identifying the risk of depression in a large sample of adolescents: An artificial neural network based on random forest"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1891-9368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuelian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, Division of Medical Administration The Third People's Hospital of Gansu Province Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaida","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanni","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JAN.0000000000000197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191109340388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.2008.20.3.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280206074463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8080832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374411003691776"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-012-0112-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Introduction to artificial neural network","volume":"2","author":"Dongare A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386915-9.00006-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"1\u201325","article-title":"Mothers' and fathers' perceptions of conflict and closeness in parent\u2010child relationships during early childhood","volume":"7","author":"Driscoll K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Early Childhood & Infant Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21175888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Gottman J. M. &Mettetal G.(1986).Speculations about social and affective development: Friendship and acquaintanceship through adolescence."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025777"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"835","article-title":"Reliability and validity of mobile phone addiction index for Chinese college students","volume":"22","author":"Huang H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2008.38.2.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"2349","article-title":"Learning to select features using their properties","volume":"9","author":"Krupka E.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latief M. A. Siswantining T. Bustamam A. &Sarwinda D.(2019). A comparative performance evaluation of random forest feature selection on classification of hepatocellular carcinoma gene expression data. In2019 3rd International Conference on Informatics and Computational Sciences (ICICoS)(pp. 1\u20106): IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICoS48119.2019.8982435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-010-9296-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482790802078565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Depression in childhood and adolescence","volume":"22","author":"Maughan B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.704840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2337(2000)26:2<169::AID-AB3>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","volume-title":"On the role of feature selection in machine learning","author":"Navot A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.4.801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721413492763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0115-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579406060408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016557824657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-013-9818-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","volume-title":"Society and the adolescent self\u2010image","author":"Rosenberg M.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/352405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Peer victimization in schools: A set of quantitative and qualitative studies of the connections among peer victimization, school engagement, truancy, school achievement, and other outcomes","volume":"1","author":"Seeley K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"National Center for School Engagement"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.1993.21.3.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024586006966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/515180a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-019-01424-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2350-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415603129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"An Introduction to Theories of Personality","author":"Sullivan H. S.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sam.11348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.3027314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.111.4.578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00119-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.134.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2016.1220310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17571472.2015.1133012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","volume-title":"The global burden of disease: 2004 update","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.11.007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Adolescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jad.12357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T12:56:23Z","timestamp":1728132983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jad.12357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jad.12357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jad.12357","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-1971","1095-9254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-1971","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}