{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T02:06:14Z","timestamp":1788833174235,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Adolescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Educational attainment is associated with higher rates of employment, income, and standard of living; yet leaving secondary school before completion of the final year remains common, particularly for youth experiencing disadvantage. This study aimed to identify key indicators of vulnerability, derived from a proposed framework of child disadvantage, that predicted early school leaving in a state\u2010representative sample of Australian youth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data comprised 2884 participants (51.7% female; 48.3% male) across three age cohorts from the Australian arm of the longitudinal cohort study, the International Youth Development Study (IYDS). The relationship between level of vulnerability in adolescence (11\u201315 years old in Wave 1; 2002) and subsequent early school leaving (19\u201323 years old in Wave 7; 2010) was examined, controlling for individual, family, school, and community covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Latent class analyses identified four vulnerability groups (\u2018low,\u2019 \u2018normative,\u2019 \u2018welfare,\u2019 and \u2018high\u2019), differentiated by sociodemographic factors (low), receipt of welfare support (welfare), and family and community risk factors (high). Multivariate regression analyses indicated greater vulnerability in adolescence (11\u201315 years old) predicted an increased odds of subsequent early school leaving, with the highest vulnerability group 40% more likely to leave school before completing Year 12, relative to the lowest vulnerability group (\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.40; 95% CI [1.27, 1.53],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sociodemographic, geographical, and risk indicators, selected using a multidimensional framework of child disadvantage, predicted increased vulnerability for early school leaving. Prevention and intervention initiatives should select comprehensive multidimensional indicators to prioritise vulnerable youth with the aim of improving educational equity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.70042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T18:39:45Z","timestamp":1755542385000},"page":"82-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Profiling Vulnerability in Youth and Predicting Educational Attainment in Young Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3359-4082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi M.","family":"Renner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), Faculty of Health Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Children's LifeCourse Initiative Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0192-809X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bosco","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), Faculty of Health Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School &amp; Monash Addiction Research Centre Monash University Richmond Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3221-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delyse","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), Faculty of Health Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute Centre for Adolescent Health Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8431-3762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W.","family":"Toumbourou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), Faculty of Health Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute Centre for Adolescent Health Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","volume-title":"Socio\u2010Economic Indexes for Areas: Introduction, Use and Future Directions (Catalogue No. 1351.0.55.015)","author":"Adhikari P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02568543.2019.1613273"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijsw.12178"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019384102237850"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-011-0481-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127650"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","volume-title":"Education and Work (Catalogue No. 6227.0)","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS]","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","volume-title":"National Report on Schooling in Australia: Year 12 Certification Rates","author":"Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12314"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2006.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12357"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","first-page":"793","volume-title":"Handbook of Child Psychology","author":"Bronfenbrenner U.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2022.2030402"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","volume-title":"Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. 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