{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T11:56:03Z","timestamp":1767873363083,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Adolescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic affected all dimensions of the college experience. Research has explored COVID\u201019 stress and resilience factors, though this study is generally cross\u2010sectional and lacks pre\u2010pandemic baseline measures. Women and sexual\/gender minority (SGM) college students experienced higher levels of COVID\u201019 stress but the effect on resilience is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Analysis of longitudinal survey data on a 2019 cohort of first\u2010year college students attending a large public university in the southeast US (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009444; average age at baseline 18.9; 67% female). We created a two\u2010factor index of academic\u2010 and illness\u2010related COVID\u201019 stress in June\u2010July 2020 and assessed associations with resilience (as measured by the Brief Resilience Scale, BRS) throughout students' college careers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resilience was lowest during students' junior year of college (October 2021) and returned to baseline levels by senior year. Cis women and SGM students experienced higher levels of COVID\u201019 academic and illness stress than cis men and non\u2010SGM students. Academic and illness COVID\u201019 stress were associated with lower resilience; academic stress had larger initial negative associations that resolved by senior year, while illness stress had smaller initial negative associations that persisted. Academic and illness stress were more impactful for cis man and cis woman students, respectively. COVID\u201019 stress was not associated with resilience among SGM students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID\u201019 illness stress was associated with persistently lower perceived resilience among college students. Associations differed by gender and sexual\/gender minority status. Students may benefit from resilience interventions to prepare for future emergencies and improve their well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.70064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T05:00:16Z","timestamp":1760072416000},"page":"307-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["COVID\u201019 Stress and Resilience: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of First\u2010Year College Students"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7853-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caleb W.","family":"Easterly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC MD\/PhD Program Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Carolina Population Center Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krista M.","family":"Perreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Population Center Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Social Medicine UNC School of Medicine Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7607-1276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shauna M.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience UNC Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane Cooley","family":"Fruehwirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Population Center Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Economics UNC Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2023.2252925"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"viii, 270","volume-title":"Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road From the Late Teens Through the Twenties","author":"Arnett J. 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