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However, there are differences in how individuals respond to familial conflict, which may be explained by the temperament trait of Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS). The aim of the current study was to examine the unique and interactive effects of childhood family conflict and SPS on objective stress responding in a cohort of adolescents in the United States, ages 16\u201319 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200960,\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      age\u2009=\u200918.07 years, 71.68% female), with a range of early life trauma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants completed a battery of self\u2010report forms, including the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) and the Family Risk and Protective Factors Scale. Objective stress response was captured using the No\u2010Predictable\u2010Unpredictable threat paradigm, which includes anticipation of predictable (P\u2010) and unpredictable (U\u2010) electric shock. Startle eyeblink potentiation was measured as an index of aversive responding to stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hierarchical linear regression analyses controlling for age, biological sex, and lifetime trauma exposure revealed a main effect of family conflict on startle reactivity to U\u2010threat and P\u2010threat. There was also an SPS by family conflict interaction on startle reactivity to U\u2010threat, only. At high levels of SPS, greater family conflict was associated with greater startle to U\u2010threat. At low levels of SPS, there was no association between family conflict and startle reactivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that more sensitive individuals might experience greater sensitization to unpredictable stressors in the presence of early family conflict, which may influence risk for psychopathology and other adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:45:44Z","timestamp":1770885944000},"page":"993-1003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Childhood Family Conflict on Adolescents' Startle Reactivity to Threat: The Moderating Role of Sensory Processing Sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6295-0714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia A.","family":"Bibb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Graduate Program The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4601-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn C.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Graduate Program The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexa","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayla A.","family":"Kreutzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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