{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:26:58Z","timestamp":1787646418684,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD014187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD014187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Adolescence"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cultural strength\u2010based models propose that family ethnic socialization promotes prosocial development in Latino\/a youth through cultural values such as ethnic identity and familism. However, longitudinal research testing these serial pathways remains scarce, and prosocial behavior is understudied in rural, emerging immigrant destinations where adversity is heightened, and prosocial behaviors may be differentially shaped. This study examined whether ethnic identity exploration, commitment, and familism at Time 2 sequentially mediate the associations between family ethnic socialization at Time 1 and public and altruistic prosocial behaviors at Time 3 among rural US Latino\/a youth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study included 307 US Latino\/a youth from rural Midwestern communities (M\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                      at Time 1\u2009=\u200912.21 years; 52.1% male), followed across three\u2010waves with 1\u2010year intervals. Structural equation modeling was used to test the serial mediation model, controlling for baseline prosocial behaviors and demographic covariates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Family ethnic socialization at Time 1 was positively associated with Time 2 ethnic identity, but commitment was more strongly associated with familism than exploration. In turn, Time 2 familism was positively associated with Time 3 public prosocial behavior and negatively with altruistic prosocial behavior. Ethnic socialization was indirectly associated to public prosocial behavior primarily through the commitment\u2010familism path (with weaker associations through exploration path). For altruistic prosocial behaviors, both the commitment\u2010familism and exploration\u2010familism indirect paths were significant but negative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings underscore the family's central role in cultivating cultural assets and highlight the need to differentiate ethnic identity dimensions and prosocial forms to refine ecocultural models of positive development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.70254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T07:47:46Z","timestamp":1787644066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cultural Strength Mechanisms: Family Ethnic Socialization, Ethnic Identity, Familism Links to Rural US Latino\/a Youth Prosocial Behaviors Across Time"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2985-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexia","family":"Carrizales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention &amp; Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health The George Washington University Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Science Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4967-241X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education University of California Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6535-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumary","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2214-1803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe E.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Science Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.742"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000336"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021825"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26536\/FSR.2018.22.01.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.70051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014033032440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"247","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Parenting and Moral Development","author":"Carlo G.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Prosocial Behaviors: Multidimensional Perspectives and Future Directions","author":"Carlo G.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199964772.003.0012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37689-5_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.4.558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01834.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.70227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000517920"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118963418.childpsy315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998616646650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-00609-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318816676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.121208.131650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"637","volume-title":"Handbook of Socialization: Theory and research","author":"Hastings P. 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