{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:12:05Z","timestamp":1790161925032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Adolescence"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most instruments designed to assess bystander defending responses against sexual harassment have been validated primarily in university contexts and with the North American population, which limits their generalizability to adolescent populations in other cultures. To address this gap, this study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of a new measure named Defending Responses Against Sexual Harassment Instrument (DEFEND\u2010SH) in a Spanish sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted during the 2023\u20132024 academic year. The sample comprised 1250 Spanish students from six educational centers, aged 12 to 19\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914.86; 51.3% boys). The statistical analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, multigroup analyses by gender and response type (hypothetical vs. actual).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results supported a four\u2010factor structure encompassing different defending responses in the high school context: supporting the victim, seeking help from an adult, mobilizing other bystanders, and confronting the aggressor. DEFEND\u2010SH demonstrated full measurement invariance across gender and response type (hypothetical vs. actual). Adolescents reporting hypothetical responses scored higher than those reporting actual behaviors, and girls scored higher than boys across all dimensions. Regarding criterion\u2010related validity, tolerance toward sexual harassment was negatively correlated with all four defending responses, particularly supporting the victim. In contrast, self\u2010efficacy and moral responsibility emotions showed significant positive associations with the defending responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DEFEND\u2010SH instrument is shown to be a useful tool for analyzing the defending responses of adolescents against sexual harassment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.70276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:28:53Z","timestamp":1790159333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Defending Responses Against Sexual Harassment (DEFEND\u2010SH) Instrument in Adolescents: Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1435-8404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Evolutiva y de la Educaci\u00f3n Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7394-9311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Evolutiva y de la Educaci\u00f3n Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1693-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010deArriba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2021.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964\u2010021\u201001479\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/26330024241249188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Colwell S. 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