{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:47:23Z","timestamp":1791888443239,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,10]],"date-time":"2009-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Econometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consistent instrumental variables (IV) estimation requires instruments uncorrelated with model errors, but this assumption is usually both suspect and untestable. Here the asymptotic sampling distribution of the IV parameter estimator is derived for any specified instrument\u2010error covariance vector. This result makes it possible to quantify the sensitivity of any particular IV inference result to instrument\u2010error correlations, allowing one to assess the robustness of such inferential conclusions to uncertainty in the validity of the instruments. An application illustrating the value of this sensitivity analysis is given to a study by Acemoglu <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib1\">2001<\/jats:ext-link>). Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.1044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,10]],"date-time":"2009-02-10T12:43:49Z","timestamp":1234269829000},"page":"325-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Assessing the credibility of instrumental variables inference with imperfect instruments via sensitivity analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Ashley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.91.5.1369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1889(97)00085-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1391391"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2000.10474262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/298348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-4463(99)03011-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-5982.t01-3-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2951770"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Statistical Confluence Analysis by Means of Complete Regression Systems","author":"Frisch R","year":"1934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316665"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Sull'interpolazione di una Retta Quando i Valori della Variabile Indipendente Sono Affetti da Errori Accidentali","volume":"1","author":"Gini C","year":"1921","journal-title":"Metroeconomica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HahnJ HausmanJ.2003. IV estimation with valid and invalid instruments.http:\/\/econ\u2010www.mit.edu\/faculty\/?prof_id=hausman[30 December 2008].","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.430061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1913827"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2288466"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/07350010152596727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0262.2004.00555.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1911466"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"308","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis would help","volume":"75","author":"Leamer EE","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/073500102288618658"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Econometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjae.1044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jae.1044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T00:10:43Z","timestamp":1697587843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jae.1044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jae.1044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jae.1044","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-7252","1099-1255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-7252","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]]}}}