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The null hypothesis of zero entry costs is rejected. Using my empirical results, I then construct an estimate of the optimal auction, which employs regular policy tools such as entry fees. Finally, I demonstrate the savings that the Michigan government could have made on payments if optimal auctions had been employed. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.2264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,6]],"date-time":"2012-03-06T04:50:00Z","timestamp":1331009400000},"page":"1046-1065","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ENTRY COST IN FIRST\u2010PRICE PROCUREMENT AUCTIONS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Pai","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Finance University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA5434"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","article-title":"Optimal auctions with simultaneous and costly participation","volume":"9","author":"Celik G","year":"2009","journal-title":"BE Journal of Theoretical Economics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1031594737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02100.x","article-title":"On pseudodata methods for removing boundary effects in kernel density estimation","volume":"58","author":"Cowling A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0262.00123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"HongH.1998.Econometric models of asymmetric ascending auctions. 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