{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:12:21Z","timestamp":1785471141372,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,28]],"date-time":"2013-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Econometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of a program or treatment may vary according to observed characteristics. In such a setting, it may not only be of interest to determine whether the program or treatment has an effect on <jats:italic>some<\/jats:italic> sub\u2010population defined by these observed characteristics, but also to determine for <jats:italic>which<\/jats:italic> sub\u2010populations, if any, there is an effect. This paper treats this problem as a multiple testing problem in which each null hypothesis in the family of null hypotheses specifies whether the program has an effect on the outcome of interest for a particular sub\u2010population. We develop our methodology in the context of PROGRESA, a large\u2010scale poverty\u2010reduction program in Mexico. In our application, the outcome of interest is the school enrollment rate and the sub\u2010populations are defined by gender and highest grade completed. Under weak assumptions, the testing procedure we construct controls the familywise error rate\u2014the probability of even one false rejection\u2014in finite samples. Similar to earlier studies, we find that the program has a significant effect on the school enrollment rate, but only for a much smaller number of sub\u2010populations when compared to results that do not adjust for multiple testing. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.2327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]],"date-time":"2013-04-29T03:24:43Z","timestamp":1367205883000},"page":"612-626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["MULTIPLE TESTING AND HETEROGENEOUS TREATMENT EFFECTS: RE\u2010EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF PROGRESA ON SCHOOL ENROLLMENT"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Soohyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics University of Maryland  College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azeem M.","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics University of Chicago  IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214508000000841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.99.1.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdr015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2012.682524"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"BehrmanJ ToddP.1999.Randomness in the experimental samples of PROGRESA (education health and nutrition program). Report submitted to PROGRESA. International Food Policy Research Institute Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/431263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2008.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3982\/QE8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HeckmanJJ PintoR ShaikhAM YavitzA.2011.Inference with imperfect randomization: the case of the Perry Preschool program. 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