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In particular, we apply twin fixed\u2010effects estimation to assess the effect of teacher quality on student test scores from second through eighth grade of primary education, arguing that a change in teacher quality is probably the most important classroom intervention within a twin context. In a series of estimations using measurable teacher characteristics, we find that (a) the test performance of all students improves with teacher experience; (b) teacher experience also matters for student performance after the initial years in the profession; (c) the teacher experience effect is most prominent in earlier grades; (d) the teacher experience effects are robust to the inclusion of other classroom quality measures, such as peer group composition and class size; and (e) an increase in teacher experience also matters for career stages with less labor market mobility, which suggests positive returns to on\u2010the\u2010job learning of teachers. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.2539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]],"date-time":"2016-08-11T04:06:41Z","timestamp":1470888401000},"page":"643-660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Teacher Quality and Student Achievement: Evidence from a Sample of Dutch Twins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sander","family":"Gerritsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis  The Hague The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Plug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam School of Economics University of Amsterdam  Netherlands"},{"name":"Tinbergen Institute  Rotterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"IZA  Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Uppsala Center for Labor Studies  Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinand","family":"Webbink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus School of Economics Rotterdam  Netherlands"},{"name":"Tinbergen Institute  Rotterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"IZA  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Estimating the returns to schooling using a new sample of twins","volume":"84","author":"Ashenfelter O","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/000282802760015757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2112449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","article-title":"School characteristics and teacher turnover: assessing the role of preferences and opportunities","author":"Bonhomme S","year":"2015","journal-title":"Economic Journal (forthcoming)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"CAOP.2011.Eindrapport. 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