{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:50:00Z","timestamp":1783489800240,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]],"date-time":"2022-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662249600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]],"date-time":"2022-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1725270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1725270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001587","name":"Economic and Social Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/S012486\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/S012486\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Econometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, we highlight an important property of the translog production function for the identification of treatment effects in a model of latent skill formation. We show that when using a translog specification of the skill technology, properly anchored treatment effect estimates are invariant to <jats:italic>any<\/jats:italic> location and scale normalizations of the underlying measures. By contrast, when researchers assume a CES production function and impose standard location and scale normalizations, the resulting treatment effect estimates vary with the chosen normalizations. Access to age\u2010invariant measures does not solve this problem since arbitrary scale and location restrictions are still imposed in the initial period. We theoretically prove the normalization invariance of the translog production function and then complete several empirical exercises illustrating the effects of location and scale normalizations for different technologies and types of skills measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.2929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:14:36Z","timestamp":1660868076000},"page":"1256-1265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Identification of dynamic latent factor models of skill formation with translog production"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Del Bono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social and Economic Research University of Essex  Colchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Kinsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronni","family":"Pavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agostinelli F. Saharkhiz M. &Wiswall M.(2020).Home and school in the development of children. NBER Working Paper 26037.","DOI":"10.3386\/w26037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agostinelli F. &Wiswall M.(2016).Identification of dynamic latent factor models: The implications of re\u2010normalization in a model of child development. NBER Working Paper 22441.","DOI":"10.3386\/w22441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Agostinelli F. &Wiswall M.(2020).Estimating the technology of children's skill formation. NBER Working Paper 22442."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20150183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdaa026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.red.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/715417"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1927992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/jhr.2008.0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA6551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.102.5.1927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del\u00a0Bono E. Kinsler J. &Pavan R.(2020).Skill formation and the trouble with child non\u2010cognitive skill measures. IZA Discussion Papers 13713.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3695414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Freyberger J.(2021).Normalizations and misspecification in skill formation models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.00473."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2109500"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6419.2012.00730.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.51.3.0913-5920R"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Econometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jae.2929","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jae.2929","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jae.2929","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jae.2929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T06:46:15Z","timestamp":1692600375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jae.2929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jae.2929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jae.2929","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-7252","1099-1255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-7252","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}