{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:14:45Z","timestamp":1792030485638,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Econometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper studies identification and estimation of the average treatment effect of a latent treated subpopulation in difference\u2010in\u2010difference designs when the observed treatment is differentially (or endogenously) mismeasured for the truth. Common examples include misreporting and mistargeting. We propose a two\u2010step estimator that corrects for the empirically common phenomenon of one\u2010sided misclassification in the treatment status. The solution uses a single exclusion restriction embedded in a partial observability probit to point identify the latent parameter. We demonstrate the method by revisiting two large\u2010scale national programs in India: one where pension benefits are underreported and second where the program is mistargeted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.3116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T17:50:12Z","timestamp":1738864212000},"page":"411-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Difference\u2010in\u2010Differences With a Misclassified Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Negi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Digvijay S.","family":"Negi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics Ashoka University  Sonipat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0034-6527.00321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Acerenza S. K.Ban andD.K\u00e9dagni.2021. \u201cMarginal Treatment Effects With Misclassified Treatment.\u201d arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.00358."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(73)90005-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.102.4.1206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Functioning of the Public Distribution System","author":"Balani S.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhr039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2000.10474262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(95)01730-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.2583"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-4412(01)05012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.3.4.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2020.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Late With Missing or Mismeasured Treatment","volume":"0","author":"Calvi R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Business & Economic Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/674102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0297.00345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w29184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2023.105581"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/0-8213-5769-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.3380050503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdx049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denteh A. andD.K\u00e9dagni.2022. \u201cMisclassification in Difference\u2010in\u2010Differences Models.\u201d arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.11890.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4181736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","volume-title":"National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi. India Human Development Survey (IHDS), 2005","author":"Desai S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","volume-title":"National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi. India Human Development Survey (IHDS), 2012","author":"Desai S.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2019.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhg013"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"1524","article-title":"Targeting and Efficiency in the Public Distribution System: Case of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra","volume":"36","author":"Dutta B.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.XL.1.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pandp.20221040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(03)00121-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w28507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","volume-title":"XXVIII International Population Conference","author":"Gambhir I.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.98.2.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w27797"},{"issue":"45","key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","first-page":"4803","article-title":"Identification of BPL Households for Poverty Alleviation Programmes","volume":"38","author":"Hirway I.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jha S. A.Kotwal andB.Ramaswami.2013. \u201cSafety Nets and Food Programs in Asia: A Comparative Perspective.\u201d Asian Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series 371.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2322639"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w7235"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2013.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2015.04.006"},{"issue":"44","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Access to the Targeted Public Distribution System: A Case Study in Rajasthan","volume":"43","author":"Khera R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/431260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0262.2006.00756.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001979399705100106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0262.2006.00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/JEEA.2009.7.4.886"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2017.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w15181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.29.4.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/S0731-9053(2011)000027A004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2018.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.5.4.230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220388.2014.947281"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-4471(07)04050-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14409-8_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(80)90007-X"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Understanding the Distribution of BPL Cards: All\u2010India and Selected States","volume":"44","author":"Ram F.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2020.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/681108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssa.12333"},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","first-page":"2447","article-title":"Errors of Targeting: Public Distribution of Food in a Maharashtra Village, 1995\u20102000","volume":"36","author":"Swaminathan M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2023.105556"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2020.105017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3982\/QE886"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wooldridge J. M.2021. \u201cTwo\u2010Way Fixed Effects the Two\u2010Way Mundlak Regression and Difference\u2010in\u2010Differences Estimators.\u201d Available at SSRN 3906345.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3906345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07474938.2018.1485833"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Econometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jae.3116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T23:27:11Z","timestamp":1748820431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jae.3116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jae.3116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jae.3116","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-7252","1099-1255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-7252","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}