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The bounding framework uses the proportion of defiers relative to compliers as a sensitivity parameter and yields an identified set that is an interval. The method is illustrated in an empirical application where the same\u2010sex instrument was used to calculate the effect of having a third child on labor force participation. I find that bounds are informative only for small violations in monotonicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.3132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T01:13:57Z","timestamp":1747358037000},"page":"627-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sensitivity of Policy\u2010Relevant Treatment Parameters to Violations of Monotonicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Luther","family":"Yap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics Princeton University  Princeton New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA7502","article-title":"Inference for Parameters Defined by Moment Inequalities Using Generalized Moment Selection","volume":"78","author":"Andrews D. 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