{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:34:00Z","timestamp":1791250440781,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,6]],"date-time":"2007-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5026,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Econometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper investigates how the effect of income while unemployed on the probability of an individual leaving unemployment varies with the length of time that the individual has been unemployed. We examine this question in the context of a variety of alternative econometric models. We extend the Proportional Hazards model with unrestricted baseline hazard to one in which there are unrestricted effects of a subset of the explanatory variables and also consider models that can be estimated as series of binary response models. The proportional hazard restrictions are rejected for the sample of British unemployed men analysed and in the binary sequence framework Logit and Probit models based on symmetric distributions dominate (in likelihood terms) the Extreme Value form model implied by extension of the Proportional Hazards formulation. Logit models with a flexible form for the duration dependence which also incorporate unobserved heterogeneity in a flexible way are estimated. The results for all formulations indicate a rapidly declining effect of unemployment income as a spell lengthens, with no significant effect for the long\u2010term unemployed. The preferred specifications which allow for omitted heterogeneity indicate no significant effect after about 5 months, and this result is robust to the inclusion or exclusion of previous labour\u2010market experience variables and to the choice of mixing distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.3950080405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,12]],"date-time":"2007-07-12T17:21:27Z","timestamp":1184260887000},"page":"361-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["How does the benefit effect vary as unemployment spells lengthen?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Narendranathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. B.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2727(84)90065-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Atkinson A. B. andJ.Micklewright(1985) Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Duration: A Study of Men in the United Kingdom in the 1970s ST\/ICERD LSE."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bates G. andJ.Neyman(1952) \u2018Contributions to the theory of accident proneness II: True or false contagion\u2019 Univ. of California Publications in Statistics 1 255\u201375.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA311362"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2297110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"The Unemployed Flow","author":"Daniel W. W.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Longitudinal Data Analysis","author":"Davies R. B.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a171315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"A Manual for Mixture","author":"Ezzet F. L.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1911491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Kiefer N. M.(1987) \u2018Analysis of grouped duration data\u2019 Cornell CAE Working Paper No. 87\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1914140"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(85)90073-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2981986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2938349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Moylan S. andB.Davies(1980) \u2018The DHSS Cohort Study of the unemployed men: Sample design and representations\u2019 Working Paper No. 5 DHSS."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2233212"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2347410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1911961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Ridder G.(1987) \u2018The sensitivity of duration models to misspecified unobserved heterogeneity and duration dependence\u2019 Mimeo University of Amsterdam."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2297376"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3324-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"A class of binary response models for grouped duration data","author":"Sueyoshi G. T.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Sueyoshi G. T.(1991b) \u2018Evaluating simple alternatives to the proportional hazard model: unemployment insurance receipt and the duration of unemployment\u2019 Discussion Paper No. 91\u201336 University of California San Diego."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Longitudinal Data Analysis","author":"Wood A.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Men registering as unemployed in 1978: a longitudinal study","author":"Wood D.","year":"1982"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Econometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjae.3950080405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jae.3950080405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T16:39:52Z","timestamp":1747672792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jae.3950080405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jae.3950080405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jae.3950080405","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-7252","1099-1255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-7252","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]}}}